Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells

Abstract Reconstructing hydrological conditions of past warm periods, such as the Eocene ‘hot house’ provides empirical data to compare to state of the art climate models. However, reconstructing these changes in deep time is challenging, for example, given the complex interplay between evapotranspi...

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Main Authors: Jorit F. Kniest, David Evans, Axel Gerdes, Marjorie Cantine, Jonathan A. Todd, Julia D. Sigwart, Johan Vellekoop, Wolfgang Müller, Silke Voigt, Jacek Raddatz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79779-0
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author Jorit F. Kniest
David Evans
Axel Gerdes
Marjorie Cantine
Jonathan A. Todd
Julia D. Sigwart
Johan Vellekoop
Wolfgang Müller
Silke Voigt
Jacek Raddatz
author_facet Jorit F. Kniest
David Evans
Axel Gerdes
Marjorie Cantine
Jonathan A. Todd
Julia D. Sigwart
Johan Vellekoop
Wolfgang Müller
Silke Voigt
Jacek Raddatz
author_sort Jorit F. Kniest
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Reconstructing hydrological conditions of past warm periods, such as the Eocene ‘hot house’ provides empirical data to compare to state of the art climate models. However, reconstructing these changes in deep time is challenging, for example, given the complex interplay between evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff. As a proxy for past changes in these hydrological systems, the dynamics of fresh water input into marginal seas can be used to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of riverine runoff. Elemental barium (Ba) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr) are, depending on the amount of runoff and the background geology of the catchment area, typically enriched in river waters in comparison to seawater and can thus be utilized to determine changes in riverine fresh water discharge. Here, we use barium to calcium ratios (Ba/Ca) and radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) measured in fossil bivalve shells to reconstruct patterns of fresh water input into the paleo North Sea during the early to middle Eocene. Our reconstruction shows the potential of Ba/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr to serve as proxies for riverine runoff and highlights the spatiotemporal complexity of Eocene hydrological conditions in western Europe. In particular, our results enable changes in riverine input along geological to perennial time scales for different coastal regions to be determined, revealing a steady influx of fresh water, but with distinct spatiotemporal differences.
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spelling doaj-art-11edfec151264162b63e1f1bed8eabb32025-08-20T02:22:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-79779-0Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shellsJorit F. Kniest0David Evans1Axel Gerdes2Marjorie Cantine3Jonathan A. Todd4Julia D. Sigwart5Johan Vellekoop6Wolfgang Müller7Silke Voigt8Jacek Raddatz9Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtThe Natural History MuseumDepartment of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Institute and Natural History MuseumDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU LeuvenInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University FrankfurtAbstract Reconstructing hydrological conditions of past warm periods, such as the Eocene ‘hot house’ provides empirical data to compare to state of the art climate models. However, reconstructing these changes in deep time is challenging, for example, given the complex interplay between evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff. As a proxy for past changes in these hydrological systems, the dynamics of fresh water input into marginal seas can be used to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of riverine runoff. Elemental barium (Ba) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr) are, depending on the amount of runoff and the background geology of the catchment area, typically enriched in river waters in comparison to seawater and can thus be utilized to determine changes in riverine fresh water discharge. Here, we use barium to calcium ratios (Ba/Ca) and radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) measured in fossil bivalve shells to reconstruct patterns of fresh water input into the paleo North Sea during the early to middle Eocene. Our reconstruction shows the potential of Ba/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr to serve as proxies for riverine runoff and highlights the spatiotemporal complexity of Eocene hydrological conditions in western Europe. In particular, our results enable changes in riverine input along geological to perennial time scales for different coastal regions to be determined, revealing a steady influx of fresh water, but with distinct spatiotemporal differences.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79779-0
spellingShingle Jorit F. Kniest
David Evans
Axel Gerdes
Marjorie Cantine
Jonathan A. Todd
Julia D. Sigwart
Johan Vellekoop
Wolfgang Müller
Silke Voigt
Jacek Raddatz
Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
Scientific Reports
title Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
title_full Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
title_short Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
title_sort spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the eocene north sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79779-0
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