Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture

ABSTRACT Estimating population abundance of wolves (Canis lupus) in densely forested landscapes is challenging because reduced visibility lowers the success of methods such as aerial surveys and enumeration of group size using radiotelemetry. However, regular population estimates of wolves are neces...

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Main Authors: Gretchen H. Roffler, Jason N. Waite, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Katherine E. Zarn, Michael K. Schwartz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-03-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.953
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author Gretchen H. Roffler
Jason N. Waite
Kristine L. Pilgrim
Katherine E. Zarn
Michael K. Schwartz
author_facet Gretchen H. Roffler
Jason N. Waite
Kristine L. Pilgrim
Katherine E. Zarn
Michael K. Schwartz
author_sort Gretchen H. Roffler
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Estimating population abundance of wolves (Canis lupus) in densely forested landscapes is challenging because reduced visibility lowers the success of methods such as aerial surveys and enumeration of group size using radiotelemetry. However, regular population estimates of wolves are necessary for population monitoring and sustainable management. We used noninvasive hair snaring and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) to estimate wolf abundance on Prince of Wales Island (POW), Alaska, USA, during 2012–2015. We monitored 36–82 hair‐snare stations weekly for 9–11 weeks during autumn. The noninvasive study area covered 1,683 km2 during 2012–2013 and was expanded to 3,281 km2 during 2014–2015. We identified 57 individual wolves during the study period using DNA from hair follicles genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. We used population density estimates using SECR (2013: 24.5 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 14.4–41.9 wolves/1,000 km2], 2014: 9.9 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 5.5–17.7/1,000 km2], 2015: 11.9 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 7.7–18.5 wolves/1,000 km2]) to predict the autumn population for the POW management unit (2013: 221.1 wolves [95% CI = 130–378]; 2014: 89.1 wolves [95% CI = 49.8–159.4]; 2015: 107.5 wolves [95% CI = 69–167]). We detected and redetected more wolves and increased the precision of the density estimate after increasing the hair sampling intensity and sampling area in 2014–2015. Our results demonstrate that estimating wolf abundance using noninvasive sampling and SECR was feasible and reliably applied producing a statistically robust population estimate for monitoring wolf populations in densely forested areas. These methods have promise for application to widely ranging carnivores at population‐level scales and may be especially useful when regular density estimates are necessary for management and conservation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-11d941216bfc4f75b7c026c9364e53b22025-08-20T02:36:19ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402019-03-01431314110.1002/wsb.953Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recaptureGretchen H. Roffler0Jason N. Waite1Kristine L. Pilgrim2Katherine E. Zarn3Michael K. Schwartz4Alaska Department of Fish and GameDivision of Wildlife Conservation802 3rd StreetDouglasAK99824USAAlaska Department of Fish and GameDivision of Wildlife Conservation802 3rd StreetDouglasAK99824USANational Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish ConservationRocky Mountain Research StationU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service800 E BeckwithMissoulaMT59801USANational Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish ConservationRocky Mountain Research StationU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service800 E BeckwithMissoulaMT59801USANational Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish ConservationRocky Mountain Research StationU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service800 E BeckwithMissoulaMT59801USAABSTRACT Estimating population abundance of wolves (Canis lupus) in densely forested landscapes is challenging because reduced visibility lowers the success of methods such as aerial surveys and enumeration of group size using radiotelemetry. However, regular population estimates of wolves are necessary for population monitoring and sustainable management. We used noninvasive hair snaring and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) to estimate wolf abundance on Prince of Wales Island (POW), Alaska, USA, during 2012–2015. We monitored 36–82 hair‐snare stations weekly for 9–11 weeks during autumn. The noninvasive study area covered 1,683 km2 during 2012–2013 and was expanded to 3,281 km2 during 2014–2015. We identified 57 individual wolves during the study period using DNA from hair follicles genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. We used population density estimates using SECR (2013: 24.5 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 14.4–41.9 wolves/1,000 km2], 2014: 9.9 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 5.5–17.7/1,000 km2], 2015: 11.9 wolves/1,000 km2 [95% CI = 7.7–18.5 wolves/1,000 km2]) to predict the autumn population for the POW management unit (2013: 221.1 wolves [95% CI = 130–378]; 2014: 89.1 wolves [95% CI = 49.8–159.4]; 2015: 107.5 wolves [95% CI = 69–167]). We detected and redetected more wolves and increased the precision of the density estimate after increasing the hair sampling intensity and sampling area in 2014–2015. Our results demonstrate that estimating wolf abundance using noninvasive sampling and SECR was feasible and reliably applied producing a statistically robust population estimate for monitoring wolf populations in densely forested areas. These methods have promise for application to widely ranging carnivores at population‐level scales and may be especially useful when regular density estimates are necessary for management and conservation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.953Canis lupusmonitoringnoninvasive genetic samplingpopulation estimationspatially explicit capture–recapturewolf
spellingShingle Gretchen H. Roffler
Jason N. Waite
Kristine L. Pilgrim
Katherine E. Zarn
Michael K. Schwartz
Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
Wildlife Society Bulletin
Canis lupus
monitoring
noninvasive genetic sampling
population estimation
spatially explicit capture–recapture
wolf
title Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
title_full Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
title_fullStr Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
title_full_unstemmed Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
title_short Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture
title_sort estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture recapture
topic Canis lupus
monitoring
noninvasive genetic sampling
population estimation
spatially explicit capture–recapture
wolf
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.953
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