The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach

The neural bases of individual differences in empathy subcomponents are still debated. We employed brain morphometry to investigate the neurostructural bases of individual and sex differences in specific empathy facets in 124 healthy individuals who completed the Balanced-Emotional-Empathy-Scale (BE...

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Main Authors: Maria Arioli, Leonardo Rassouli Baghi, Zaira Cattaneo, Nicola Canessa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1544632/full
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author Maria Arioli
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Zaira Cattaneo
Nicola Canessa
Nicola Canessa
author_facet Maria Arioli
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Zaira Cattaneo
Nicola Canessa
Nicola Canessa
author_sort Maria Arioli
collection DOAJ
description The neural bases of individual differences in empathy subcomponents are still debated. We employed brain morphometry to investigate the neurostructural bases of individual and sex differences in specific empathy facets in 124 healthy individuals who completed the Balanced-Emotional-Empathy-Scale (BEES), and both the emotional/cognitive and self/other-oriented empathy subscales of the Interpersonal-Reactivity-Index (IRI). Univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses highlighted, respectively, voxels/clusters and whole structural networks where grey-matter volume reflected specific empathy subscores. Such morphometric properties were significantly related to individual differences in emotional empathy, while no evidence was found for structural networks underlying cognitive empathy. Personal distress correlated with grey-matter volume in the right insula and amygdala, likely mediating an affective sharing self-perceived as disturbing. Instead, empathic concern was associated with the medial precuneus and sensorimotor/inferior parietal cortex, possibly enabling empathic comprehension and prosocial behaviour mediated by attentional shift towards others. Female participants displayed larger grey-matter volume than male ones, related to higher emotional empathy, in limbic structures including amygdala and insula. These results ground multicomponential empathy models in specific neurostructural networks, representing a reference for future studies of empathic processing in health and disease.
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spelling doaj-art-11cf172f7f104573bfa1235f51d1e9b32025-08-20T02:16:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-04-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15446321544632The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approachMaria Arioli0Leonardo Rassouli Baghi1Leonardo Rassouli Baghi2Zaira Cattaneo3Nicola Canessa4Nicola Canessa5Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, ItalyIUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, ItalyIstituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, ItalyIUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, ItalyIstituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, ItalyThe neural bases of individual differences in empathy subcomponents are still debated. We employed brain morphometry to investigate the neurostructural bases of individual and sex differences in specific empathy facets in 124 healthy individuals who completed the Balanced-Emotional-Empathy-Scale (BEES), and both the emotional/cognitive and self/other-oriented empathy subscales of the Interpersonal-Reactivity-Index (IRI). Univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses highlighted, respectively, voxels/clusters and whole structural networks where grey-matter volume reflected specific empathy subscores. Such morphometric properties were significantly related to individual differences in emotional empathy, while no evidence was found for structural networks underlying cognitive empathy. Personal distress correlated with grey-matter volume in the right insula and amygdala, likely mediating an affective sharing self-perceived as disturbing. Instead, empathic concern was associated with the medial precuneus and sensorimotor/inferior parietal cortex, possibly enabling empathic comprehension and prosocial behaviour mediated by attentional shift towards others. Female participants displayed larger grey-matter volume than male ones, related to higher emotional empathy, in limbic structures including amygdala and insula. These results ground multicomponential empathy models in specific neurostructural networks, representing a reference for future studies of empathic processing in health and disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1544632/fullempathybrain morphometrypersonal distressempathic concernsex differencesintervention
spellingShingle Maria Arioli
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Leonardo Rassouli Baghi
Zaira Cattaneo
Nicola Canessa
Nicola Canessa
The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
Frontiers in Psychiatry
empathy
brain morphometry
personal distress
empathic concern
sex differences
intervention
title The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
title_full The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
title_fullStr The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
title_full_unstemmed The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
title_short The neurostructural bases of empathy: morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
title_sort neurostructural bases of empathy morphometric evidence for a multicomponential approach
topic empathy
brain morphometry
personal distress
empathic concern
sex differences
intervention
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1544632/full
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