Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Aims and objectives: To study the demographic profile, describe the spectrum and resistance pattern of organisms isolated from blood and respiratory cultures, and study the outcome. Materials an...

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Main Authors: Isha Bhagat, Rekha Solomon, Dhruv Mamtora, Garima Mehta, Lakshmi Shobhavat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher 2025-03-01
Series:Pediatric Infectious Disease
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Online Access:https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1458
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author Isha Bhagat
Rekha Solomon
Dhruv Mamtora
Garima Mehta
Lakshmi Shobhavat
author_facet Isha Bhagat
Rekha Solomon
Dhruv Mamtora
Garima Mehta
Lakshmi Shobhavat
author_sort Isha Bhagat
collection DOAJ
description Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Aims and objectives: To study the demographic profile, describe the spectrum and resistance pattern of organisms isolated from blood and respiratory cultures, and study the outcome. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was performed on children with positive blood and respiratory cultures admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care multispecialty hospital. Demographic profile and outcome measures were recorded. Positive cultures and resistance patterns were noted. Results: There were 139 children with positive cultures, with a median age of 12 months. The majority of children had comorbidities (62.6%), previous hospital admissions (83.5%), and/or antibiotic exposure (85.4%). Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) comprised 99% of positive respiratory cultures in hospital-acquired infections (HAI), and the most common organisms grown were <italic>Acinetobacter</italic> species, <italic>Klebsiella</italic> species, and <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> species. On antibiotic sensitivity testing, approximately three-fourths of the organisms showed multidrug resistance. High levels of carbapenem resistance were seen in isolates of <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii</italic> (40/48), <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic> (25/29), and <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (22/37). Out of the 139 patients included in the study, 86 (61.9%) survived. On multivariate analysis, multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) were significantly associated with mortality (<italic>p</italic> = 0.02). Conclusion: Infections in critically ill children were predominantly due to gram-negative organisms. There is a trend toward increasing antibiotic resistance over time. Infection with MDRO is associated with mortality. Highlights: Infections represent a major burden in developing countries, especially in critically ill children. Our study shows high levels of multidrug resistance and increasing carbapenem resistance over time. We have demonstrated a higher risk of mortality in children with MDRO.
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spelling doaj-art-11c8222530cb49f4ae57364fd5ab76ad2025-08-20T02:08:31ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherPediatric Infectious Disease2582-49882025-03-0172444910.5005/jp-journals-10081-14582Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort StudyIsha Bhagat0Rekha Solomon1Dhruv Mamtora2Garima Mehta3Lakshmi Shobhavat4Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaRekha Solomon, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +91 9820957669Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaInfections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Aims and objectives: To study the demographic profile, describe the spectrum and resistance pattern of organisms isolated from blood and respiratory cultures, and study the outcome. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was performed on children with positive blood and respiratory cultures admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care multispecialty hospital. Demographic profile and outcome measures were recorded. Positive cultures and resistance patterns were noted. Results: There were 139 children with positive cultures, with a median age of 12 months. The majority of children had comorbidities (62.6%), previous hospital admissions (83.5%), and/or antibiotic exposure (85.4%). Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) comprised 99% of positive respiratory cultures in hospital-acquired infections (HAI), and the most common organisms grown were <italic>Acinetobacter</italic> species, <italic>Klebsiella</italic> species, and <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> species. On antibiotic sensitivity testing, approximately three-fourths of the organisms showed multidrug resistance. High levels of carbapenem resistance were seen in isolates of <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii</italic> (40/48), <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic> (25/29), and <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (22/37). Out of the 139 patients included in the study, 86 (61.9%) survived. On multivariate analysis, multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) were significantly associated with mortality (<italic>p</italic> = 0.02). Conclusion: Infections in critically ill children were predominantly due to gram-negative organisms. There is a trend toward increasing antibiotic resistance over time. Infection with MDRO is associated with mortality. Highlights: Infections represent a major burden in developing countries, especially in critically ill children. Our study shows high levels of multidrug resistance and increasing carbapenem resistance over time. We have demonstrated a higher risk of mortality in children with MDRO.https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1458antibiotic resistanceculture positive inflectionmultidrug resistant organismpediatric intensive care unit
spellingShingle Isha Bhagat
Rekha Solomon
Dhruv Mamtora
Garima Mehta
Lakshmi Shobhavat
Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Pediatric Infectious Disease
antibiotic resistance
culture positive inflection
multidrug resistant organism
pediatric intensive care unit
title Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_fullStr Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_short Profile of Positive Cultures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_sort profile of positive cultures in pediatric intensive care unit a retrospective cohort study
topic antibiotic resistance
culture positive inflection
multidrug resistant organism
pediatric intensive care unit
url https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1458
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