The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions

Artificial insemination (AI) is essential in intensive pig production, which significantly depends on semen quality from boars selected for health, genetics, and fertility. While AI aims to improve productivity, larger litters often result in smaller and less resistant piglets. Beyond fertility and...

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Main Authors: Santa María Toledo-Guardiola, Chiara Luongo, Felipe Martínez-Pastor, Cristina Soriano-Úbeda, Carmen Matás
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/582
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author Santa María Toledo-Guardiola
Chiara Luongo
Felipe Martínez-Pastor
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
Carmen Matás
author_facet Santa María Toledo-Guardiola
Chiara Luongo
Felipe Martínez-Pastor
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
Carmen Matás
author_sort Santa María Toledo-Guardiola
collection DOAJ
description Artificial insemination (AI) is essential in intensive pig production, which significantly depends on semen quality from boars selected for health, genetics, and fertility. While AI aims to improve productivity, larger litters often result in smaller and less resistant piglets. Beyond fertility and genetic traits, boars also influence offspring health. This study investigated the relationship between sperm parameters of highly fertile boars and both reproductive outcomes and piglet physiological indicators. Multivariate analysis revealed significant paternal effects on blood markers reflecting organ function, including those of the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, as well as on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, muscle contraction, and neural signaling. Notably, sperm velocity was correlated with mitochondrial function, which is crucial for sperm motility, capacitation, DNA integrity, and embryo development—factors likely linked to healthier, more resilient offspring. Boars transmitting superior sperm velocity, erythropoiesis efficiency, and oxygen transport capacities produced piglets with better glucose regulation, growth, and resistance to neonatal hypoglycemia. These findings underscore the broader impact of sperm quality on offspring vitality and suggest that advanced sperm analysis could improve boar selection and enable more effective, health-oriented breeding strategies.
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series Veterinary Sciences
spelling doaj-art-11bcfd7e31b945618bb1e2a8eba615aa2025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112658210.3390/vetsci12060582The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological FunctionsSanta María Toledo-Guardiola0Chiara Luongo1Felipe Martínez-Pastor2Cristina Soriano-Úbeda3Carmen Matás4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainCell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, Campus Vegazana, 24071 León, SpainInstitute of Animal Health and Livestock Development (INDEGSAL), University of León, Campus Vegazana, 24071 León, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainArtificial insemination (AI) is essential in intensive pig production, which significantly depends on semen quality from boars selected for health, genetics, and fertility. While AI aims to improve productivity, larger litters often result in smaller and less resistant piglets. Beyond fertility and genetic traits, boars also influence offspring health. This study investigated the relationship between sperm parameters of highly fertile boars and both reproductive outcomes and piglet physiological indicators. Multivariate analysis revealed significant paternal effects on blood markers reflecting organ function, including those of the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, as well as on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, muscle contraction, and neural signaling. Notably, sperm velocity was correlated with mitochondrial function, which is crucial for sperm motility, capacitation, DNA integrity, and embryo development—factors likely linked to healthier, more resilient offspring. Boars transmitting superior sperm velocity, erythropoiesis efficiency, and oxygen transport capacities produced piglets with better glucose regulation, growth, and resistance to neonatal hypoglycemia. These findings underscore the broader impact of sperm quality on offspring vitality and suggest that advanced sperm analysis could improve boar selection and enable more effective, health-oriented breeding strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/582artificial inseminationhigh-fertility boarspigletsproductionspermatozoaneonatal health
spellingShingle Santa María Toledo-Guardiola
Chiara Luongo
Felipe Martínez-Pastor
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
Carmen Matás
The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
Veterinary Sciences
artificial insemination
high-fertility boars
piglets
production
spermatozoa
neonatal health
title The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
title_full The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
title_fullStr The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
title_full_unstemmed The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
title_short The Individual Variations in Sperm Quality of High-Fertility Boars Impact the Offspring Production and Early Physiological Functions
title_sort individual variations in sperm quality of high fertility boars impact the offspring production and early physiological functions
topic artificial insemination
high-fertility boars
piglets
production
spermatozoa
neonatal health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/582
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