Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater

Chromium-containing wastewater poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health due to the high toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Although iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) show promise for Cr(VI) removal, their practical application is hindered by challenges in recovery and reuse. Herein,...

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Main Authors: Yu Gao, Ying Liu, Xu Zhao, Xinchao Liu, Qina Sun, Tifeng Jiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1743
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author Yu Gao
Ying Liu
Xu Zhao
Xinchao Liu
Qina Sun
Tifeng Jiao
author_facet Yu Gao
Ying Liu
Xu Zhao
Xinchao Liu
Qina Sun
Tifeng Jiao
author_sort Yu Gao
collection DOAJ
description Chromium-containing wastewater poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health due to the high toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Although iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) show promise for Cr(VI) removal, their practical application is hindered by challenges in recovery and reuse. Herein, a novel three-dimensional porous nanocomposite, <i>Artemia</i> cyst shell biochar-supported iron oxide nanoparticles (ACSC@ IONP), was synthesized via synchronous pyrolysis of Fe<sup>3+</sup>-impregnated <i>Artemia</i> cyst shells (ACSs) and in situ reduction of iron. The optimized composite C@Fe-3, prepared with 1 mol/L Fe<sup>3+</sup> and pyrolyzed at 450 °C for 5 h, exhibited rapid removal equilibrium within 5–10 min for both Cr(VI) and total chromium (Cr(total)), attributed to synergistic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). The maximum Cr(total) adsorption capacity was 110.1 mg/g at pH 2, as determined by the Sips isothermal model for heterogeneous adsorption. Competitive experiments demonstrated robust selectivity for Cr(VI) removal even under a 64-fold excess of competing anions, with an interference order of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> > NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> > Cl<sup>−</sup>. Remarkably, C@Fe-3 retained 65% Cr(VI) removal efficiency after four adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a scalable and eco-friendly strategy for fabricating reusable adsorbents with dual functionality for chromium remediation.
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spelling doaj-art-11bceff535cb49f190e940b9dc31a4152025-08-20T02:28:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308174310.3390/molecules30081743Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from WastewaterYu Gao0Ying Liu1Xu Zhao2Xinchao Liu3Qina Sun4Tifeng Jiao5State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaChromium-containing wastewater poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health due to the high toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Although iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) show promise for Cr(VI) removal, their practical application is hindered by challenges in recovery and reuse. Herein, a novel three-dimensional porous nanocomposite, <i>Artemia</i> cyst shell biochar-supported iron oxide nanoparticles (ACSC@ IONP), was synthesized via synchronous pyrolysis of Fe<sup>3+</sup>-impregnated <i>Artemia</i> cyst shells (ACSs) and in situ reduction of iron. The optimized composite C@Fe-3, prepared with 1 mol/L Fe<sup>3+</sup> and pyrolyzed at 450 °C for 5 h, exhibited rapid removal equilibrium within 5–10 min for both Cr(VI) and total chromium (Cr(total)), attributed to synergistic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). The maximum Cr(total) adsorption capacity was 110.1 mg/g at pH 2, as determined by the Sips isothermal model for heterogeneous adsorption. Competitive experiments demonstrated robust selectivity for Cr(VI) removal even under a 64-fold excess of competing anions, with an interference order of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> > NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> > Cl<sup>−</sup>. Remarkably, C@Fe-3 retained 65% Cr(VI) removal efficiency after four adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a scalable and eco-friendly strategy for fabricating reusable adsorbents with dual functionality for chromium remediation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1743three-dimensional hierarchical porous biochar<i>Artemia</i> cyst shellhexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))synergistic adsorption-reduction
spellingShingle Yu Gao
Ying Liu
Xu Zhao
Xinchao Liu
Qina Sun
Tifeng Jiao
Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
Molecules
three-dimensional hierarchical porous biochar
<i>Artemia</i> cyst shell
hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))
synergistic adsorption-reduction
title Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
title_full Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
title_short Three-Dimensional Porous Artemia Cyst Shell Biochar-Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Chromium from Wastewater
title_sort three dimensional porous artemia cyst shell biochar supported iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient removal of chromium from wastewater
topic three-dimensional hierarchical porous biochar
<i>Artemia</i> cyst shell
hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))
synergistic adsorption-reduction
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1743
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