Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation

Abstract The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitates the development of novel antimalarial agents. This study presents the first computational investigation of steroid-tetraoxane hybrids targeting cyclophilin, a key protein implicated in...

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Main Authors: Dipankar Nath, Abhijit Debnath, Malita Sarma, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Dipak Chetia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13017-z
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author Dipankar Nath
Abhijit Debnath
Malita Sarma
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Dipak Chetia
author_facet Dipankar Nath
Abhijit Debnath
Malita Sarma
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Dipak Chetia
author_sort Dipankar Nath
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitates the development of novel antimalarial agents. This study presents the first computational investigation of steroid-tetraoxane hybrids targeting cyclophilin, a key protein implicated in artemisinin resistance mechanisms. We designed a library of 127 steroid-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane hybrid compounds combining steroidal sapogenin (∆5,(6)-diosgenin-3-one) and gem-dihydroperoxides, and employed consensus molecular docking across eight platforms to minimize algorithm-specific biases. Compound A-CY-9C emerged as the lead candidate, exhibiting superior binding stability and a favorable free energy landscape during 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The dual pharmacophore mechanism—disrupting parasite cholesterol uptake via the steroid component while inducing oxidative stress through the tetraoxane moiety—offers a novel strategy to combat artemisinin resistance. This first-in-class approach to targeting cyclophilin with steroid-tetraoxane hybrids provides a promising foundation for developing next-generation antimalarials against resistant P. falciparum strains.
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spelling doaj-art-11bc286369344ad8a5eafeefbea106ba2025-08-24T11:23:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-13017-zUnlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigationDipankar Nath0Abhijit Debnath1Malita Sarma2Rajesh Kumar Singh3Dipak Chetia4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh UniversityNoida Institute of Engineering and Technology [Pharmacy Institute]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh UniversityDepartment of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh UniversityAbstract The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitates the development of novel antimalarial agents. This study presents the first computational investigation of steroid-tetraoxane hybrids targeting cyclophilin, a key protein implicated in artemisinin resistance mechanisms. We designed a library of 127 steroid-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane hybrid compounds combining steroidal sapogenin (∆5,(6)-diosgenin-3-one) and gem-dihydroperoxides, and employed consensus molecular docking across eight platforms to minimize algorithm-specific biases. Compound A-CY-9C emerged as the lead candidate, exhibiting superior binding stability and a favorable free energy landscape during 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The dual pharmacophore mechanism—disrupting parasite cholesterol uptake via the steroid component while inducing oxidative stress through the tetraoxane moiety—offers a novel strategy to combat artemisinin resistance. This first-in-class approach to targeting cyclophilin with steroid-tetraoxane hybrids provides a promising foundation for developing next-generation antimalarials against resistant P. falciparum strains.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13017-zSteroid-tetraoxane hybridsArtemisinin resistanceCyclophilin inhibitionMolecular dockingMolecular dynamicsAntimalarial drug discovery
spellingShingle Dipankar Nath
Abhijit Debnath
Malita Sarma
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Dipak Chetia
Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
Scientific Reports
Steroid-tetraoxane hybrids
Artemisinin resistance
Cyclophilin inhibition
Molecular docking
Molecular dynamics
Antimalarial drug discovery
title Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
title_full Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
title_fullStr Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
title_short Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
title_sort unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation
topic Steroid-tetraoxane hybrids
Artemisinin resistance
Cyclophilin inhibition
Molecular docking
Molecular dynamics
Antimalarial drug discovery
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13017-z
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