Unlocking the antimalarial potential of novel steroid-tetraoxane hybrids through consensus molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation

Abstract The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitates the development of novel antimalarial agents. This study presents the first computational investigation of steroid-tetraoxane hybrids targeting cyclophilin, a key protein implicated in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dipankar Nath, Abhijit Debnath, Malita Sarma, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Dipak Chetia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13017-z
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Summary:Abstract The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitates the development of novel antimalarial agents. This study presents the first computational investigation of steroid-tetraoxane hybrids targeting cyclophilin, a key protein implicated in artemisinin resistance mechanisms. We designed a library of 127 steroid-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane hybrid compounds combining steroidal sapogenin (∆5,(6)-diosgenin-3-one) and gem-dihydroperoxides, and employed consensus molecular docking across eight platforms to minimize algorithm-specific biases. Compound A-CY-9C emerged as the lead candidate, exhibiting superior binding stability and a favorable free energy landscape during 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The dual pharmacophore mechanism—disrupting parasite cholesterol uptake via the steroid component while inducing oxidative stress through the tetraoxane moiety—offers a novel strategy to combat artemisinin resistance. This first-in-class approach to targeting cyclophilin with steroid-tetraoxane hybrids provides a promising foundation for developing next-generation antimalarials against resistant P. falciparum strains.
ISSN:2045-2322