Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii

Abstract Caragana korshinskii as a geogenic non-conventional forage is underutilized due to high lignocellulose and the presence of specific odors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of no additives (CK), cellulase (CE) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LAB) on Caragana korshinski...

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Main Authors: Peiqing Zhang, Baochao Bai, Tianrong Zhou, Wei Wang, Lianyun Zhang, Xiaojun Wei, Hongbo Li, Zhijun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04116-y
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author Peiqing Zhang
Baochao Bai
Tianrong Zhou
Wei Wang
Lianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wei
Hongbo Li
Zhijun Wang
author_facet Peiqing Zhang
Baochao Bai
Tianrong Zhou
Wei Wang
Lianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wei
Hongbo Li
Zhijun Wang
author_sort Peiqing Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Caragana korshinskii as a geogenic non-conventional forage is underutilized due to high lignocellulose and the presence of specific odors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of no additives (CK), cellulase (CE) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LAB) on Caragana korshinskii silage quality, microbial community structure and volatiles. The results showed that both cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were able to enhance fermentation quality by lowering the pH value and increasing the lactic acid (LA) content of Caragana korshinskii silage. In addition, cellulase was more effective in decreasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and increasing water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.05). Microbial community analysis showed that the addition of cellulase significantly reduced the microbial diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage and simplified the flora structure (p<0.05), with the relative abundance of the dominant bacterium Limosilactobacillus accounting for 82.78%, while suppressing undesirable microorganisms such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Analysis of volatile compounds showed that terpenes (54.35%) and alcohols (27.49%) were the main volatile organic compounds in fresh samples of Caragana korshinskii, and the addition of LAB was able to reduce the content of terpene volatiles. Furthermore, silage treatment was able to improve the palatability of Caragana korshinskii by eliminating irritating odors such as 2-Methylnaphthalene and Naphthalene. These results suggest that silage can improve the odor of Caragana korshinskii and that cellulase is more beneficial as a silage additive to improve silage quality.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2180
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-11b91b06a8294b3eb3e30406063866eb2025-08-20T03:45:22ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-07-0125111110.1186/s12866-025-04116-yEffects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskiiPeiqing Zhang0Baochao Bai1Tianrong Zhou2Wei Wang3Lianyun Zhang4Xiaojun Wei5Hongbo Li6Zhijun Wang7Grass Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Hulunbuir UniversityCollege of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityGrass Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Hulunbuir UniversityGrass Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Hulunbuir UniversityHulunbuir Agricultural Technology Extension CenterHulunbuir Agricultural Technology Extension CenterHulunbuir Agricultural Technology Extension CenterCollege of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityAbstract Caragana korshinskii as a geogenic non-conventional forage is underutilized due to high lignocellulose and the presence of specific odors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of no additives (CK), cellulase (CE) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LAB) on Caragana korshinskii silage quality, microbial community structure and volatiles. The results showed that both cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were able to enhance fermentation quality by lowering the pH value and increasing the lactic acid (LA) content of Caragana korshinskii silage. In addition, cellulase was more effective in decreasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and increasing water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.05). Microbial community analysis showed that the addition of cellulase significantly reduced the microbial diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage and simplified the flora structure (p<0.05), with the relative abundance of the dominant bacterium Limosilactobacillus accounting for 82.78%, while suppressing undesirable microorganisms such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Analysis of volatile compounds showed that terpenes (54.35%) and alcohols (27.49%) were the main volatile organic compounds in fresh samples of Caragana korshinskii, and the addition of LAB was able to reduce the content of terpene volatiles. Furthermore, silage treatment was able to improve the palatability of Caragana korshinskii by eliminating irritating odors such as 2-Methylnaphthalene and Naphthalene. These results suggest that silage can improve the odor of Caragana korshinskii and that cellulase is more beneficial as a silage additive to improve silage quality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04116-yCaragana korshinskiiVolatilesSilage additiveMicrobial communityLignocellulose
spellingShingle Peiqing Zhang
Baochao Bai
Tianrong Zhou
Wei Wang
Lianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wei
Hongbo Li
Zhijun Wang
Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
BMC Microbiology
Caragana korshinskii
Volatiles
Silage additive
Microbial community
Lignocellulose
title Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
title_full Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
title_fullStr Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
title_full_unstemmed Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
title_short Effects of cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance, microbial community composition and volatiles of Caragana korshinskii
title_sort effects of cellulase and lactiplantibacillus plantarum on silage performance microbial community composition and volatiles of caragana korshinskii
topic Caragana korshinskii
Volatiles
Silage additive
Microbial community
Lignocellulose
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04116-y
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