Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion
In order to ensure the safety of methane/hydrogen, regular SiO<sub>2</sub> powder was modified. Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite dry powder (CDP) was selected as the explosion-suppression material. Explos...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Zhiqian Zheng Huiqian Liao Hongfu Mi Kaixuan Liao Haoliang Zhang Yi Li Yanhui Ren Zhijun Li Nanfang Li Wei Xia |
| author_facet | Zhiqian Zheng Huiqian Liao Hongfu Mi Kaixuan Liao Haoliang Zhang Yi Li Yanhui Ren Zhijun Li Nanfang Li Wei Xia |
| author_sort | Zhiqian Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to ensure the safety of methane/hydrogen, regular SiO<sub>2</sub> powder was modified. Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite dry powder (CDP) was selected as the explosion-suppression material. Explosion-suppression experiments and numerical simulations were adopted to investigate the inhibition effect of 0% (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0%) and 20% (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20%) hydrogen doping ratios. The flame structure, flame propagation speed, and maximum explosion pressure are depicted to compare the inhibition effect of different mass fractions (<i>X</i><sub>Fe(C5H5)2</sub> = 0–6%). The results showed that CDP significantly reduced the flame propagation velocity and maximum explosion pressure of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0%. The best effect was observed when 6% Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> was added, with the velocity reduced to 9.241 m/s. The maximum explosion pressure was reduced to 0.518 MPa, and the effect was relatively weak for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20%, with the maximum pressure reduced to 0.525 MPa. In addition, the key radical production and temperature sensitivity showed that Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> altered the molar fractions of the major species and increased the consumption of •H, •O, and •OH. As the mass fraction of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> increased, the steady-state concentrations of •H, •O, and •OH in the system showed a significant decreasing trend. This phenomenon originated from the two-step synergistic mechanism of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> inhibiting radical generation and accelerating radical consumption. This study provides insight into the process of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite dry powder inhibition and renders theoretical guidance for the explosion protection of methane/hydrogen. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11b8deb2f9c4427dbada4478cd09c526 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-11b8deb2f9c4427dbada4478cd09c5262025-08-20T02:33:59ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552025-05-018519810.3390/fire8050198Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air ExplosionZhiqian Zheng0Huiqian Liao1Hongfu Mi2Kaixuan Liao3Haoliang Zhang4Yi Li5Yanhui Ren6Zhijun Li7Nanfang Li8Wei Xia9College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaNortheast Sichuan Gas Mine, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch, PetroChina Company Limited, Dazhou 635002, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaCollege of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaNortheast Sichuan Gas Mine, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch, PetroChina Company Limited, Dazhou 635002, ChinaIn order to ensure the safety of methane/hydrogen, regular SiO<sub>2</sub> powder was modified. Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite dry powder (CDP) was selected as the explosion-suppression material. Explosion-suppression experiments and numerical simulations were adopted to investigate the inhibition effect of 0% (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0%) and 20% (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20%) hydrogen doping ratios. The flame structure, flame propagation speed, and maximum explosion pressure are depicted to compare the inhibition effect of different mass fractions (<i>X</i><sub>Fe(C5H5)2</sub> = 0–6%). The results showed that CDP significantly reduced the flame propagation velocity and maximum explosion pressure of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0%. The best effect was observed when 6% Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> was added, with the velocity reduced to 9.241 m/s. The maximum explosion pressure was reduced to 0.518 MPa, and the effect was relatively weak for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20%, with the maximum pressure reduced to 0.525 MPa. In addition, the key radical production and temperature sensitivity showed that Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> altered the molar fractions of the major species and increased the consumption of •H, •O, and •OH. As the mass fraction of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> increased, the steady-state concentrations of •H, •O, and •OH in the system showed a significant decreasing trend. This phenomenon originated from the two-step synergistic mechanism of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> inhibiting radical generation and accelerating radical consumption. This study provides insight into the process of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite dry powder inhibition and renders theoretical guidance for the explosion protection of methane/hydrogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/5/198hydrogen/methane/aircomposite powdersexplosion inhibitionreaction mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Zhiqian Zheng Huiqian Liao Hongfu Mi Kaixuan Liao Haoliang Zhang Yi Li Yanhui Ren Zhijun Li Nanfang Li Wei Xia Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion Fire hydrogen/methane/air composite powders explosion inhibition reaction mechanism |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of the Influence of Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Dry Powders on Characteristics of Hydrogen/Methane/Air Explosion |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical simulation study of the influence of fe c sub 5 sub h sub 5 sub sub 2 sub sio sub 2 sub composite dry powders on characteristics of hydrogen methane air explosion |
| topic | hydrogen/methane/air composite powders explosion inhibition reaction mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/5/198 |
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