Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality

Based on the schema model of self-control, recent research has shown that people cognitively associate self-control exertion with a subsequent decrease in perceived vitality. The present study aimed to replicate this effect and extend it by testing two additional hypotheses: greater exertion of self...

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Main Authors: Max Blaise, Alex Bertrams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825007437
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author Max Blaise
Alex Bertrams
author_facet Max Blaise
Alex Bertrams
author_sort Max Blaise
collection DOAJ
description Based on the schema model of self-control, recent research has shown that people cognitively associate self-control exertion with a subsequent decrease in perceived vitality. The present study aimed to replicate this effect and extend it by testing two additional hypotheses: greater exertion of self-control would be cognitively associated with a more pronounced decline in perceived vitality, and endorsement of a limited-resource theory would be negatively related to perceived subjective vitality in self-control situations. Participants (N = 143) read two vignettes describing a fictitious character who either exerted self-control (typing with an unfamiliar AZERTY keyboard) or did not (typing with a familiar QWERTZ keyboard). For each condition, participants rated how vital the individual would feel after 5 and 10 min. They also completed a standardized scale assessing their own implicit belief in limited versus non-limited willpower. As expected, perceived vitality was rated lower after 5 min of self-control exertion than after 10 min of no self-control (t(142) = −7.43, p < 0.001, dz = −0.62). Furthermore, the fictitious character was perceived as less vital after 10 min than after 5 min of self-control exertion (t(142) = −6.04, p < 0.001, dz = −0.51). Lastly, the more participants endorsed a limited-resource theory, the lower they rated the character's vitality following 10 min of self-control (r = −0.26, p = 0.002). Contrary to prediction, this association did not emerge in the 5-min condition (r = −0.16, p = 0.05). These findings are discussed in light of the schema model of self-control.
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spelling doaj-art-11b8b2b9f0954f1d96a153a04dc0d80f2025-08-24T05:11:10ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-09-0125910543010.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105430Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitalityMax Blaise0Alex Bertrams1University of Bern, Switzerland; Corresponding author at: University of Bern, Institute of Educational Science, Division of Educational Psychology, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.University of Bern, SwitzerlandBased on the schema model of self-control, recent research has shown that people cognitively associate self-control exertion with a subsequent decrease in perceived vitality. The present study aimed to replicate this effect and extend it by testing two additional hypotheses: greater exertion of self-control would be cognitively associated with a more pronounced decline in perceived vitality, and endorsement of a limited-resource theory would be negatively related to perceived subjective vitality in self-control situations. Participants (N = 143) read two vignettes describing a fictitious character who either exerted self-control (typing with an unfamiliar AZERTY keyboard) or did not (typing with a familiar QWERTZ keyboard). For each condition, participants rated how vital the individual would feel after 5 and 10 min. They also completed a standardized scale assessing their own implicit belief in limited versus non-limited willpower. As expected, perceived vitality was rated lower after 5 min of self-control exertion than after 10 min of no self-control (t(142) = −7.43, p < 0.001, dz = −0.62). Furthermore, the fictitious character was perceived as less vital after 10 min than after 5 min of self-control exertion (t(142) = −6.04, p < 0.001, dz = −0.51). Lastly, the more participants endorsed a limited-resource theory, the lower they rated the character's vitality following 10 min of self-control (r = −0.26, p = 0.002). Contrary to prediction, this association did not emerge in the 5-min condition (r = −0.16, p = 0.05). These findings are discussed in light of the schema model of self-control.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825007437Ego depletionEffortEnergyImplicit theories about willpowerFatigueSchema activation
spellingShingle Max Blaise
Alex Bertrams
Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
Acta Psychologica
Ego depletion
Effort
Energy
Implicit theories about willpower
Fatigue
Schema activation
title Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
title_full Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
title_fullStr Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
title_full_unstemmed Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
title_short Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality
title_sort self control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self control and decreased vitality
topic Ego depletion
Effort
Energy
Implicit theories about willpower
Fatigue
Schema activation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825007437
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