Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries

In this work, the effect of the palladium precursor on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance of lignin-based electrospun carbon fibers was studied. The fibers were spun from a lignin-ethanol solution free of any binder, where different Pd salts were added at two concentration levels. The s...

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Main Authors: Cristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez, Miguel García-Rollán, Francisco José García-Mateos, Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas, Juana M. Rosas, José Rodríguez-Mirasol, Tomás Cordero, Emilia Morallón, Diego Cazorla-Amorós
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2487
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author Cristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez
Miguel García-Rollán
Francisco José García-Mateos
Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas
Juana M. Rosas
José Rodríguez-Mirasol
Tomás Cordero
Emilia Morallón
Diego Cazorla-Amorós
author_facet Cristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez
Miguel García-Rollán
Francisco José García-Mateos
Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas
Juana M. Rosas
José Rodríguez-Mirasol
Tomás Cordero
Emilia Morallón
Diego Cazorla-Amorós
author_sort Cristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez
collection DOAJ
description In this work, the effect of the palladium precursor on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance of lignin-based electrospun carbon fibers was studied. The fibers were spun from a lignin-ethanol solution free of any binder, where different Pd salts were added at two concentration levels. The system implemented to perform the spinning was a coaxial setup in which the internal flow contains the precursor dispersion with the metallic precursor, and ethanol was used as external flow to help fiber formation and prevent drying before generating the Taylor cone. The obtained cloths were thermostabilized in air at 200 °C and carbonized in nitrogen at 900 °C. The resulting carbon fibers were characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The palladium precursor significantly affects nanoparticle distribution and size, fiber diameter, pore distribution, surface area and electrochemical behavior. The fibers prepared with palladium acetylacetonate at high Pd loading and carbonized at 900 °C under a CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere showed high mechanical stability and the best ORR activity, showing near total selectivity towards the 4-electron path. These features are comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst but much lower metal loading (10.6 wt.% vs. 20 wt.%). The most promising fibers have been evaluated as cathodes in a zinc–air battery, delivering astonishing stability results that surpassed the performance of commercial Pt/C materials in both charging and discharging processes.
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spelling doaj-art-1199db8e2dea4a72b6aa9fe023eed2de2025-08-20T03:16:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012248710.3390/molecules30122487Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air BatteriesCristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez0Miguel García-Rollán1Francisco José García-Mateos2Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas3Juana M. Rosas4José Rodríguez-Mirasol5Tomás Cordero6Emilia Morallón7Diego Cazorla-Amorós8Departamento de Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Andalucía Tech, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Malaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, SpainIn this work, the effect of the palladium precursor on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance of lignin-based electrospun carbon fibers was studied. The fibers were spun from a lignin-ethanol solution free of any binder, where different Pd salts were added at two concentration levels. The system implemented to perform the spinning was a coaxial setup in which the internal flow contains the precursor dispersion with the metallic precursor, and ethanol was used as external flow to help fiber formation and prevent drying before generating the Taylor cone. The obtained cloths were thermostabilized in air at 200 °C and carbonized in nitrogen at 900 °C. The resulting carbon fibers were characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The palladium precursor significantly affects nanoparticle distribution and size, fiber diameter, pore distribution, surface area and electrochemical behavior. The fibers prepared with palladium acetylacetonate at high Pd loading and carbonized at 900 °C under a CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere showed high mechanical stability and the best ORR activity, showing near total selectivity towards the 4-electron path. These features are comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst but much lower metal loading (10.6 wt.% vs. 20 wt.%). The most promising fibers have been evaluated as cathodes in a zinc–air battery, delivering astonishing stability results that surpassed the performance of commercial Pt/C materials in both charging and discharging processes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2487carbon fibersligninelectrospinningelectrocatalystORRZn-air battery
spellingShingle Cristian Daniel Jaimes-Paez
Miguel García-Rollán
Francisco José García-Mateos
Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas
Juana M. Rosas
José Rodríguez-Mirasol
Tomás Cordero
Emilia Morallón
Diego Cazorla-Amorós
Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
Molecules
carbon fibers
lignin
electrospinning
electrocatalyst
ORR
Zn-air battery
title Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
title_full Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
title_fullStr Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
title_short Self-Standing Carbon Fiber Electrodes Doped with Pd Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts in Zinc–Air Batteries
title_sort self standing carbon fiber electrodes doped with pd nanoparticles as electrocatalysts in zinc air batteries
topic carbon fibers
lignin
electrospinning
electrocatalyst
ORR
Zn-air battery
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2487
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