A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability
Abstract A machine learning method is used to identify sources of long‐term ENSO predictability in the ocean (sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content) and the atmosphere (near‐surface zonal wind (U10)). Tropical SST represents the primary source of predictability skill. While U10 does not inc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105194 |
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| author | Ioana Colfescu Hannah Christensen David John Gagne |
| author_facet | Ioana Colfescu Hannah Christensen David John Gagne |
| author_sort | Ioana Colfescu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A machine learning method is used to identify sources of long‐term ENSO predictability in the ocean (sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content) and the atmosphere (near‐surface zonal wind (U10)). Tropical SST represents the primary source of predictability skill. While U10 does not increase the skill when associated with SST, our analysis suggests U10 alone has apredictive skill comparable to that of SST between 11 and 21 months in advance, from late fall up to late spring. The long‐lead signal originates from coupled wind‐SST interactions across the Indian Ocean (IO) and propagates across the Pacific via an atmospheric bridge mechanism. A linear correlation analysis supports this mechanism, suggesting a precursor link between anomalies in SST in the western and wind in the eastern IO. Our results have important implications for ENSO predictions beyond 1 year ahead and identify the key role of U10 over the IO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-116a62a7c8ef465096ea77a64479ae75 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-116a62a7c8ef465096ea77a64479ae752025-08-20T03:12:51ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015113n/an/a10.1029/2023GL105194A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of PredictabilityIoana Colfescu0Hannah Christensen1David John Gagne2National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) University of Leeds Leeds UKDepartment of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford Oxford UKNational Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USAAbstract A machine learning method is used to identify sources of long‐term ENSO predictability in the ocean (sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content) and the atmosphere (near‐surface zonal wind (U10)). Tropical SST represents the primary source of predictability skill. While U10 does not increase the skill when associated with SST, our analysis suggests U10 alone has apredictive skill comparable to that of SST between 11 and 21 months in advance, from late fall up to late spring. The long‐lead signal originates from coupled wind‐SST interactions across the Indian Ocean (IO) and propagates across the Pacific via an atmospheric bridge mechanism. A linear correlation analysis supports this mechanism, suggesting a precursor link between anomalies in SST in the western and wind in the eastern IO. Our results have important implications for ENSO predictions beyond 1 year ahead and identify the key role of U10 over the IO.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105194machine learningENSOpredictionpredictive skillclimateclimate models |
| spellingShingle | Ioana Colfescu Hannah Christensen David John Gagne A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability Geophysical Research Letters machine learning ENSO prediction predictive skill climate climate models |
| title | A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability |
| title_full | A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability |
| title_fullStr | A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability |
| title_short | A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability |
| title_sort | machine learning based approach to quantify enso sources of predictability |
| topic | machine learning ENSO prediction predictive skill climate climate models |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105194 |
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