Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to analyze the distinct characteristics and risk factors contributing to the development of worsening renal function (WRF) in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), while also examining the subset of persistent WRF among elderly p...

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Main Authors: Yu-qing Sun, Lei-ming Luo, Zhi-yan Wang, Qiang Lv, Xin Du, Jian-zeng Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03527-2
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author Yu-qing Sun
Lei-ming Luo
Zhi-yan Wang
Qiang Lv
Xin Du
Jian-zeng Dong
author_facet Yu-qing Sun
Lei-ming Luo
Zhi-yan Wang
Qiang Lv
Xin Du
Jian-zeng Dong
author_sort Yu-qing Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The aim of this study is to analyze the distinct characteristics and risk factors contributing to the development of worsening renal function (WRF) in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), while also examining the subset of persistent WRF among elderly patients with ADHF. Methods In this retrospective study, patients were stratified into two groups, non-WRF and WRF, based on alterations in creatinine levels. Subsequently, the WRF group was further delineated into transient and persistent WRF subgroups, contingent upon temporal changes in creatinine levels. There 218 elderly ADHF patients aged ≥ 60 years old, with an average age of (72.11 ± 7.94) years old. Among them, 66 patients with ADHF developed WRF during hospitalization, with an incidence of 30.28%. Among the 66 WRF patients, 20 cases were transient WRF and 46 cases were persistent WRF. The study revealed notable distinctions within the WRF cohort, characterized by heightened smoking prevalence, significantly elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels at admission, diminished hematocrit (HCT) levels and more applications. ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) or ARB (angiotensin receptor inhibitor) or ARNI (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor) drugs. Within the persistent WRF subgroup, patients were characterized by advanced age, predominantly male gender distribution, heightened incidence of coronary artery disease, and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, BNP, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels compared to their transient WRF counterparts, while displaying lower D-dimer levels. In multivariate analysis, BNP level (OR = 1.001, 95%CI 1.000-1.001; P = 0.032), D-dimer level (OR = 1.013, 95%CI 1.003–1.024; P = 0.013), ACEI or ARB or ARNI drugs (OR = 19.656, 95%CI 8.698–30.763; P = 0.009) were positively correlated with the occurrence of WRF. HCT level was negatively correlated with the occurrence of WRF (OR = 0.850, 95%CI 0.744–0.970; P = 0.016). Systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.158, 95%CI 1.051–1.276; P = 0.003), D-dimer levels (OR = 0.998, 95%CI 0.997–0.999; P < 0.001) were associated with persistent WRF. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate a clear association between BNP, HCT, D-dimer levels and ACEI or ARB or ARNI drugs and the emergence of WRF in elderly individuals with ADHF. Furthermore, the study underscores that persistent WRF is notably linked with systolic blood pressure and D-dimer levels.
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spelling doaj-art-116a4434cd9946389ae11cf60ce3bc842025-08-20T03:41:56ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902025-07-012011910.1186/s13019-025-03527-2Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failureYu-qing Sun0Lei-ming Luo1Zhi-yan Wang2Qiang Lv3Xin Du4Jian-zeng Dong5Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, First Medical Center of PLA General HospitalDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background The aim of this study is to analyze the distinct characteristics and risk factors contributing to the development of worsening renal function (WRF) in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), while also examining the subset of persistent WRF among elderly patients with ADHF. Methods In this retrospective study, patients were stratified into two groups, non-WRF and WRF, based on alterations in creatinine levels. Subsequently, the WRF group was further delineated into transient and persistent WRF subgroups, contingent upon temporal changes in creatinine levels. There 218 elderly ADHF patients aged ≥ 60 years old, with an average age of (72.11 ± 7.94) years old. Among them, 66 patients with ADHF developed WRF during hospitalization, with an incidence of 30.28%. Among the 66 WRF patients, 20 cases were transient WRF and 46 cases were persistent WRF. The study revealed notable distinctions within the WRF cohort, characterized by heightened smoking prevalence, significantly elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels at admission, diminished hematocrit (HCT) levels and more applications. ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) or ARB (angiotensin receptor inhibitor) or ARNI (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor) drugs. Within the persistent WRF subgroup, patients were characterized by advanced age, predominantly male gender distribution, heightened incidence of coronary artery disease, and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, BNP, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels compared to their transient WRF counterparts, while displaying lower D-dimer levels. In multivariate analysis, BNP level (OR = 1.001, 95%CI 1.000-1.001; P = 0.032), D-dimer level (OR = 1.013, 95%CI 1.003–1.024; P = 0.013), ACEI or ARB or ARNI drugs (OR = 19.656, 95%CI 8.698–30.763; P = 0.009) were positively correlated with the occurrence of WRF. HCT level was negatively correlated with the occurrence of WRF (OR = 0.850, 95%CI 0.744–0.970; P = 0.016). Systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.158, 95%CI 1.051–1.276; P = 0.003), D-dimer levels (OR = 0.998, 95%CI 0.997–0.999; P < 0.001) were associated with persistent WRF. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate a clear association between BNP, HCT, D-dimer levels and ACEI or ARB or ARNI drugs and the emergence of WRF in elderly individuals with ADHF. Furthermore, the study underscores that persistent WRF is notably linked with systolic blood pressure and D-dimer levels.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03527-2Acute decompensated heart failureWorsening renal functionPersistentRisk factor
spellingShingle Yu-qing Sun
Lei-ming Luo
Zhi-yan Wang
Qiang Lv
Xin Du
Jian-zeng Dong
Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Acute decompensated heart failure
Worsening renal function
Persistent
Risk factor
title Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
title_full Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
title_fullStr Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
title_full_unstemmed Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
title_short Factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
title_sort factors contributing to transient and persistent worsening renal function in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
topic Acute decompensated heart failure
Worsening renal function
Persistent
Risk factor
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03527-2
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