Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor
Abstract Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with heterogeneous pathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors, which often results in variable therapeutic outcomes. Despite the diverse etiology, ET is defined by a core symptom of action tremor, an invol...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Biomedical Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-024-01112-8 |
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| author | Ming-Kai Pan |
| author_facet | Ming-Kai Pan |
| author_sort | Ming-Kai Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with heterogeneous pathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors, which often results in variable therapeutic outcomes. Despite the diverse etiology, ET is defined by a core symptom of action tremor, an involuntary rhythmic movement that can be mathematically characterized by two parameters: tremor frequency and tremor amplitude. Recent advances in neural dynamics and clinical electrophysiology have provided valuable insights to explain how tremor frequency and amplitude are generated within the central nervous system. This review summarizes both animal and clinical evidence, encompassing the kinematic features of tremors, circuitry dynamics, and the neuronal coding mechanisms for the two parameters. Neural population coding within the olivocerebellum is implicated in determining tremor frequency, while the cerebellar circuitry synchrony and cerebellar-thalamo-cortical interactions play key roles in regulating tremor amplitude. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at tuning tremor frequency and amplitude are also discussed. These neural dynamic approaches target the conserved mechanisms across ET patients with varying etiologies, offering the potential to develop universally effective therapies for ET. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11627d2a912e403a91ee2195c23ef506 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1423-0127 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Biomedical Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-11627d2a912e403a91ee2195c23ef5062025-08-20T02:43:13ZengBMCJournal of Biomedical Science1423-01272025-02-0132111310.1186/s12929-024-01112-8Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremorMing-Kai Pan0Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineAbstract Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with heterogeneous pathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors, which often results in variable therapeutic outcomes. Despite the diverse etiology, ET is defined by a core symptom of action tremor, an involuntary rhythmic movement that can be mathematically characterized by two parameters: tremor frequency and tremor amplitude. Recent advances in neural dynamics and clinical electrophysiology have provided valuable insights to explain how tremor frequency and amplitude are generated within the central nervous system. This review summarizes both animal and clinical evidence, encompassing the kinematic features of tremors, circuitry dynamics, and the neuronal coding mechanisms for the two parameters. Neural population coding within the olivocerebellum is implicated in determining tremor frequency, while the cerebellar circuitry synchrony and cerebellar-thalamo-cortical interactions play key roles in regulating tremor amplitude. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at tuning tremor frequency and amplitude are also discussed. These neural dynamic approaches target the conserved mechanisms across ET patients with varying etiologies, offering the potential to develop universally effective therapies for ET.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-024-01112-8Essential tremorTremorAmplitudeFrequencyMotor kinematicsMotor control |
| spellingShingle | Ming-Kai Pan Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor Journal of Biomedical Science Essential tremor Tremor Amplitude Frequency Motor kinematics Motor control |
| title | Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| title_full | Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| title_fullStr | Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| title_short | Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| title_sort | targeting the fundamentals for tremors the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor |
| topic | Essential tremor Tremor Amplitude Frequency Motor kinematics Motor control |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-024-01112-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingkaipan targetingthefundamentalsfortremorsthefrequencyandamplitudecodinginessentialtremor |