Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values

IntroductionHeavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation dominate the radiation risks and biological effects for plants under spaceflight conditions. However, the biological effects and sensitive genes caused by heavy ions with different linear energy transfer (LET) values have not been thoroughly st...

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Main Authors: Yan Zhang, Wei Wang, Meng Zhang, Binquan Zhang, Shuai Gao, Meng Hao, Dazhuang Zhou, Lei Zhao, Guenther Reitz, Yeqing Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1457587/full
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author Yan Zhang
Wei Wang
Meng Zhang
Binquan Zhang
Shuai Gao
Meng Hao
Dazhuang Zhou
Lei Zhao
Guenther Reitz
Guenther Reitz
Yeqing Sun
author_facet Yan Zhang
Wei Wang
Meng Zhang
Binquan Zhang
Shuai Gao
Meng Hao
Dazhuang Zhou
Lei Zhao
Guenther Reitz
Guenther Reitz
Yeqing Sun
author_sort Yan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionHeavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation dominate the radiation risks and biological effects for plants under spaceflight conditions. However, the biological effects and sensitive genes caused by heavy ions with different linear energy transfer (LET) values have not been thoroughly studied.MethodsTo comprehensively analyze the biological effects of heavy ions with different LET values on rice under spaceflight conditions, we utilized the Shijian-10 recoverable satellite (SJ-10) to transport the dehydrated rice seeds on a 12.5-day mission in a 252 km low Earth orbit (LEO), and obtained rice plants hit by individual heavy ions with LET values ranging from 18 keV/μm to 213 keV/μm. The transcriptome and methylation sequencing were conducted on above plants, and a bioinformatics pipeline based on single-sample networks (SSNs) and genetic algorithms (GA) was developed to analyze the multi-omics expression profiles in this work. Note that SSNs can depict the gene interaction patterns within a single sample. The LET regression models were constructed from both gene expression and interaction pattern perspectives respectively, and the radiation response genes that played significant roles in the models were identified. We designed a gene selection algorithm based on GA to enhance the performance of LET regression models.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that all our models exhibit excellent regression performance (R2 values close to 1), which indicates that both gene expressions and interaction patterns can reflect the molecular changes caused by heavy ions with different LET values. LET-related genes (genes exhibiting strong correlation with LET values) and radiation-responsive genes were identified, primarily involved in DNA damage and repair, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid/protein metabolism, and lipid metabolism, etc. DNA methylation plays a crucial role in responding to heavy ions stressors and regulates the aforementioned processes.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the multi-omics changes in plants after exposure to heavy ions with different LET values under spaceflight conditions.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Plant Science
spelling doaj-art-115d7f77d3b44ccd995948b0dd772db52025-08-20T02:49:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-11-011510.3389/fpls.2024.14575871457587Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET valuesYan Zhang0Wei Wang1Meng Zhang2Binquan Zhang3Shuai Gao4Meng Hao5Dazhuang Zhou6Lei Zhao7Guenther Reitz8Guenther Reitz9Yeqing Sun10Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaConsultant German Aerospace Center, Aerospace Medicine, Radiobiology Department, Köln, GermanySchool of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaIntroductionHeavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation dominate the radiation risks and biological effects for plants under spaceflight conditions. However, the biological effects and sensitive genes caused by heavy ions with different linear energy transfer (LET) values have not been thoroughly studied.MethodsTo comprehensively analyze the biological effects of heavy ions with different LET values on rice under spaceflight conditions, we utilized the Shijian-10 recoverable satellite (SJ-10) to transport the dehydrated rice seeds on a 12.5-day mission in a 252 km low Earth orbit (LEO), and obtained rice plants hit by individual heavy ions with LET values ranging from 18 keV/μm to 213 keV/μm. The transcriptome and methylation sequencing were conducted on above plants, and a bioinformatics pipeline based on single-sample networks (SSNs) and genetic algorithms (GA) was developed to analyze the multi-omics expression profiles in this work. Note that SSNs can depict the gene interaction patterns within a single sample. The LET regression models were constructed from both gene expression and interaction pattern perspectives respectively, and the radiation response genes that played significant roles in the models were identified. We designed a gene selection algorithm based on GA to enhance the performance of LET regression models.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that all our models exhibit excellent regression performance (R2 values close to 1), which indicates that both gene expressions and interaction patterns can reflect the molecular changes caused by heavy ions with different LET values. LET-related genes (genes exhibiting strong correlation with LET values) and radiation-responsive genes were identified, primarily involved in DNA damage and repair, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid/protein metabolism, and lipid metabolism, etc. DNA methylation plays a crucial role in responding to heavy ions stressors and regulates the aforementioned processes.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the multi-omics changes in plants after exposure to heavy ions with different LET values under spaceflight conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1457587/fullspaceflightspace radiationheavy ionslinear energy transferLET regression modelgene interaction pattern
spellingShingle Yan Zhang
Wei Wang
Meng Zhang
Binquan Zhang
Shuai Gao
Meng Hao
Dazhuang Zhou
Lei Zhao
Guenther Reitz
Guenther Reitz
Yeqing Sun
Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
Frontiers in Plant Science
spaceflight
space radiation
heavy ions
linear energy transfer
LET regression model
gene interaction pattern
title Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
title_full Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
title_fullStr Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
title_full_unstemmed Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
title_short Using single-sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation-responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different LET values
title_sort using single sample networks and genetic algorithms to identify radiation responsive genes in rice affected by heavy ions of the galactic cosmic radiation with different let values
topic spaceflight
space radiation
heavy ions
linear energy transfer
LET regression model
gene interaction pattern
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1457587/full
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