Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation

Abstract The increasing global demand for sustainable food production, coupled with the micronutrient limitations of aquaponic systems, calls for innovative fertilization strategies that enhance crop yield and nutritional quality while preserving environmental integrity. This study evaluates the eff...

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Main Authors: Davide Frassine, Roberto Braglia, Francesco Scuderi, Enrico Luigi Redi, Federica Valentini, Michela Relucenti, Irene Angela Colasanti, Camilla Zaratti, Andrea Macchia, Ivo Allegrini, Angelo Gismondi, Gabriele Di Marco, Antonella Canini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03136-y
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author Davide Frassine
Roberto Braglia
Francesco Scuderi
Enrico Luigi Redi
Federica Valentini
Michela Relucenti
Irene Angela Colasanti
Camilla Zaratti
Andrea Macchia
Ivo Allegrini
Angelo Gismondi
Gabriele Di Marco
Antonella Canini
author_facet Davide Frassine
Roberto Braglia
Francesco Scuderi
Enrico Luigi Redi
Federica Valentini
Michela Relucenti
Irene Angela Colasanti
Camilla Zaratti
Andrea Macchia
Ivo Allegrini
Angelo Gismondi
Gabriele Di Marco
Antonella Canini
author_sort Davide Frassine
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing global demand for sustainable food production, coupled with the micronutrient limitations of aquaponic systems, calls for innovative fertilization strategies that enhance crop yield and nutritional quality while preserving environmental integrity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of zinc-functionalized calcium carbonate microparticles (Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ MPs) as a smart foliar fertilizer in aquaponics. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Principe Borghese) were grown in a recirculating aquaponic system and treated with three concentrations of Zn-MPs (10, 50, and 250 ppm) via foliar spray, using a control group treated with water. Each treatment was applied to 15 plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. Yield parameters, antioxidant content, and nutritional quality were assessed. The 250 ppm treatment significantly increased yield per plant (+ 74.9%), number of fruits (+ 44.4%), and average fruit weight (+ 22.1%) compared to control. Antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid, and lycopene content were also enhanced, particularly at the highest dose. Importantly, no increase in zinc was detected in recirculating water, highlighting the environmental safety of foliar application. These findings underscore the potential of Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ MPs as a sustainable solution for precision fertilization in aquaponic agriculture. Further molecular and environmental studies are recommended to optimize and scale this technology.
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spelling doaj-art-115542fafcf0439fb6ed69bb00cf05a92025-08-20T01:53:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-03136-ySmart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivationDavide Frassine0Roberto Braglia1Francesco Scuderi2Enrico Luigi Redi3Federica Valentini4Michela Relucenti5Irene Angela Colasanti6Camilla Zaratti7Andrea Macchia8Ivo Allegrini9Angelo Gismondi10Gabriele Di Marco11Antonella Canini12Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Sciences and Chemical Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University of RomeDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Section of Human Anatomy, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Rome SapienzaSciences and Chemical Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University of RomeSciences and Chemical Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University of RomeYOCOCU, YOuth in COnservation of CUltural HeritageEnvint SrlBiology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Biology Department , Tor Vergata University of Rome Abstract The increasing global demand for sustainable food production, coupled with the micronutrient limitations of aquaponic systems, calls for innovative fertilization strategies that enhance crop yield and nutritional quality while preserving environmental integrity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of zinc-functionalized calcium carbonate microparticles (Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ MPs) as a smart foliar fertilizer in aquaponics. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Principe Borghese) were grown in a recirculating aquaponic system and treated with three concentrations of Zn-MPs (10, 50, and 250 ppm) via foliar spray, using a control group treated with water. Each treatment was applied to 15 plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. Yield parameters, antioxidant content, and nutritional quality were assessed. The 250 ppm treatment significantly increased yield per plant (+ 74.9%), number of fruits (+ 44.4%), and average fruit weight (+ 22.1%) compared to control. Antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid, and lycopene content were also enhanced, particularly at the highest dose. Importantly, no increase in zinc was detected in recirculating water, highlighting the environmental safety of foliar application. These findings underscore the potential of Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ MPs as a sustainable solution for precision fertilization in aquaponic agriculture. Further molecular and environmental studies are recommended to optimize and scale this technology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03136-yTomatoAquaponicsSmart fertilizerZn-Alg-CaCO3 MPsPrecision agriculture
spellingShingle Davide Frassine
Roberto Braglia
Francesco Scuderi
Enrico Luigi Redi
Federica Valentini
Michela Relucenti
Irene Angela Colasanti
Camilla Zaratti
Andrea Macchia
Ivo Allegrini
Angelo Gismondi
Gabriele Di Marco
Antonella Canini
Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
Scientific Reports
Tomato
Aquaponics
Smart fertilizer
Zn-Alg-CaCO3 MPs
Precision agriculture
title Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
title_full Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
title_fullStr Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
title_full_unstemmed Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
title_short Smart foliar fertilizer based on Zn-Alg-CaCO₃ microparticles improves Aquaponic tomato cultivation
title_sort smart foliar fertilizer based on zn alg caco₃ microparticles improves aquaponic tomato cultivation
topic Tomato
Aquaponics
Smart fertilizer
Zn-Alg-CaCO3 MPs
Precision agriculture
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03136-y
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