A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing

Abstract The rapid proliferation of cloud computing enables users to access computing resources and storage space over the internet, but it also presents challenges in terms of security and privacy. Ensuring the security and availability of data has become a focal point of current research when util...

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Main Authors: Junfei He, Qing Ye, Zhichao Yang, Shixiong Wang, Jiasheng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12018-2
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author Junfei He
Qing Ye
Zhichao Yang
Shixiong Wang
Jiasheng Wang
author_facet Junfei He
Qing Ye
Zhichao Yang
Shixiong Wang
Jiasheng Wang
author_sort Junfei He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The rapid proliferation of cloud computing enables users to access computing resources and storage space over the internet, but it also presents challenges in terms of security and privacy. Ensuring the security and availability of data has become a focal point of current research when utilizing cloud computing for resource sharing, data storage, and querying. Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) can perform an equality test on ciphertexts without decrypting them, even when those ciphertexts are encrypted under different public keys. That offers a practical approach to dividing up or searching for encrypted information directly. In order to deal with the threat raised by the rapid development of quantum computing, researchers have proposed post-quantum cryptography to guarantee the security of cloud services. However, it is challenging to implement these techniques efficiently. In this paper, a compact PKEET scheme is pro-posed. The new scheme does not encrypt the plaintext’s hash value immediately but embeds it into the test trapdoor. We also demon-strated that our new construction is one-way secure under the quantum security model. With those efforts, our scheme can withstand the chosen ciphertext attacks as long as the learning with errors (LWE) assumption holds. Furthermore, we evaluated the new scheme’s performance and found that it only costs approximately half the storage space compared with previous schemes. There is an almost half reduction in the computing cost throughout the encryption and decryption stages. In a nutshell, the new PKEET scheme is less costly, more compact, and applicable to cloud computing scenarios in a post-quantum environment.
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spelling doaj-art-11549b6189604af789d34fbc5cdf4d682025-08-20T03:46:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-12018-2A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computingJunfei He0Qing Ye1Zhichao Yang2Shixiong Wang3Jiasheng Wang4Department of Information Security, Naval University of EngineeringDepartment of Information Security, Naval University of EngineeringDepartment of Information Security, Naval University of EngineeringAcademy of Military SciencesDepartment of Information Security, Naval University of EngineeringAbstract The rapid proliferation of cloud computing enables users to access computing resources and storage space over the internet, but it also presents challenges in terms of security and privacy. Ensuring the security and availability of data has become a focal point of current research when utilizing cloud computing for resource sharing, data storage, and querying. Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) can perform an equality test on ciphertexts without decrypting them, even when those ciphertexts are encrypted under different public keys. That offers a practical approach to dividing up or searching for encrypted information directly. In order to deal with the threat raised by the rapid development of quantum computing, researchers have proposed post-quantum cryptography to guarantee the security of cloud services. However, it is challenging to implement these techniques efficiently. In this paper, a compact PKEET scheme is pro-posed. The new scheme does not encrypt the plaintext’s hash value immediately but embeds it into the test trapdoor. We also demon-strated that our new construction is one-way secure under the quantum security model. With those efforts, our scheme can withstand the chosen ciphertext attacks as long as the learning with errors (LWE) assumption holds. Furthermore, we evaluated the new scheme’s performance and found that it only costs approximately half the storage space compared with previous schemes. There is an almost half reduction in the computing cost throughout the encryption and decryption stages. In a nutshell, the new PKEET scheme is less costly, more compact, and applicable to cloud computing scenarios in a post-quantum environment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12018-2Cloud computingPublic key encryptionEquality testLattice-based cryptographyLearning with errors
spellingShingle Junfei He
Qing Ye
Zhichao Yang
Shixiong Wang
Jiasheng Wang
A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
Scientific Reports
Cloud computing
Public key encryption
Equality test
Lattice-based cryptography
Learning with errors
title A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
title_full A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
title_fullStr A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
title_full_unstemmed A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
title_short A compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
title_sort compact public key encryption with equality test for lattice in cloud computing
topic Cloud computing
Public key encryption
Equality test
Lattice-based cryptography
Learning with errors
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12018-2
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