A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction

Accurate State of Health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for ensuring the safety of electric vehicles and improving the reliability of battery management systems (BMS). However, the use of individual health features (HFs) and the selection of hyperparameters can increase...

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Main Authors: Xu He, Zhengpu Wu, Jinghan Bai, Junchao Zhu, Lu Lv, Lujun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3592
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author Xu He
Zhengpu Wu
Jinghan Bai
Junchao Zhu
Lu Lv
Lujun Wang
author_facet Xu He
Zhengpu Wu
Jinghan Bai
Junchao Zhu
Lu Lv
Lujun Wang
author_sort Xu He
collection DOAJ
description Accurate State of Health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for ensuring the safety of electric vehicles and improving the reliability of battery management systems (BMS). However, the use of individual health features (HFs) and the selection of hyperparameters can increase the data processing burden on the BMS and reduce the accuracy of data-driven models. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a novel SOH estimation method for lithium-ion batteries based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM prediction model with multi-dimensional health feature extraction. To comprehensively capture the battery aging mechanisms, four categories of health features—time, energy, similarity, and second-order features—are extracted from the LIBs charging segments. The correlation between HFs and SOH is comprehensively evaluated through Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, followed by Gaussian filtering and outlier detection to enhance feature quality. With strong generalization and robustness, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is widely applied to nonlinear computations and function approximation. To improve LSSVM model accuracy and efficiency, this paper develops a novel prediction model that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) combined with grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms to optimize the LSSVM model. The generalization performance of the proposed method is validated through comparative experiments using a battery dataset provided by the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) Research Center at the University of Maryland. Experimental results show that the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) consistently exceeds 0.985, with the average absolute error in SOH prediction for four batteries remaining around 0.5%. The comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has a certain degree of accuracy, robustness, and generalization capability.
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spelling doaj-art-114d672c9cbf4a01aeec2761e9e324e82025-08-20T03:06:31ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157359210.3390/app15073592A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features ExtractionXu He0Zhengpu Wu1Jinghan Bai2Junchao Zhu3Lu Lv4Lujun Wang5Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaPowerchina Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430068, ChinaAccurate State of Health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for ensuring the safety of electric vehicles and improving the reliability of battery management systems (BMS). However, the use of individual health features (HFs) and the selection of hyperparameters can increase the data processing burden on the BMS and reduce the accuracy of data-driven models. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a novel SOH estimation method for lithium-ion batteries based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM prediction model with multi-dimensional health feature extraction. To comprehensively capture the battery aging mechanisms, four categories of health features—time, energy, similarity, and second-order features—are extracted from the LIBs charging segments. The correlation between HFs and SOH is comprehensively evaluated through Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, followed by Gaussian filtering and outlier detection to enhance feature quality. With strong generalization and robustness, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is widely applied to nonlinear computations and function approximation. To improve LSSVM model accuracy and efficiency, this paper develops a novel prediction model that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) combined with grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms to optimize the LSSVM model. The generalization performance of the proposed method is validated through comparative experiments using a battery dataset provided by the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) Research Center at the University of Maryland. Experimental results show that the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) consistently exceeds 0.985, with the average absolute error in SOH prediction for four batteries remaining around 0.5%. The comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has a certain degree of accuracy, robustness, and generalization capability.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3592lithium-ion batteriesstate of healthfeatures extractionparticle swarm optimizationgrey wolf optimizationleast squares support vector machine
spellingShingle Xu He
Zhengpu Wu
Jinghan Bai
Junchao Zhu
Lu Lv
Lujun Wang
A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
Applied Sciences
lithium-ion batteries
state of health
features extraction
particle swarm optimization
grey wolf optimization
least squares support vector machine
title A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
title_full A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
title_fullStr A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
title_full_unstemmed A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
title_short A Novel SOH Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the PSO–GWO–LSSVM Prediction Model with Multi-Dimensional Health Features Extraction
title_sort novel soh estimation method for lithium ion batteries based on the pso gwo lssvm prediction model with multi dimensional health features extraction
topic lithium-ion batteries
state of health
features extraction
particle swarm optimization
grey wolf optimization
least squares support vector machine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3592
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