Lower Ionospheric Perturbations Associated with Lightning Activity over Low and Equatorial Regions

Lower Ionospheric Perturbations Associated with Lightning Activity over Low and Equatorial Regions

We present lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations in narrowband very-low-frequency (VLF) signals from the transmitters NWC (21.82° S, 114.17° E, 19.8 kHz) and VTX (8.4° N, 77.8° E, 18.6 kHz) recorded at the low-latitude station Dehradun (DDN; 30.3° N, 78.0° E) over a 12-month period from Septem...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dayanand Bhaskar, Rajat Tripathi, Mahesh N. Shrivastava, Rajesh Singh, Sudipta Sasmal, Abhirup Datta, Ajeet Kumar Maurya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
D-region
VLF scattering
wave propagation
lightning
LORE
early/slow
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/832
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