Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial

Fire fighters (FFs) risk their lives, health, and well-being through trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. FFs report concerning rates of mental health challenges, alcohol use disorders, and suicide risk. These problems tend to co-occur, as each is linked with reliance on maladaptive emo...

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Main Authors: Eric C. Meyer, Todd Farchione, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Oi-Man Kwok, Michelle L. Pennington, Jessica Rostockyj, Suzy B. Gulliver
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451865425001115
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author Eric C. Meyer
Todd Farchione
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Oi-Man Kwok
Michelle L. Pennington
Jessica Rostockyj
Suzy B. Gulliver
author_facet Eric C. Meyer
Todd Farchione
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Oi-Man Kwok
Michelle L. Pennington
Jessica Rostockyj
Suzy B. Gulliver
author_sort Eric C. Meyer
collection DOAJ
description Fire fighters (FFs) risk their lives, health, and well-being through trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. FFs report concerning rates of mental health challenges, alcohol use disorders, and suicide risk. These problems tend to co-occur, as each is linked with reliance on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. As FFs advance in their careers, many tend to rely more heavily on these maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, thus exacerbating the problems. Many FFs leave fire service prematurely due to mental and physical health problems. FFs must be equipped with more effective emotion regulation skills to buffer against stressors they will face. FFs may benefit from training in transdiagnostic emotion regulation skills delivered by credible peers upon entry and socialization into the profession, potentially preventing substantial negative outcomes downstream while promoting resilience and wellness. This paper describes a cluster randomized controlled trial to compare peer-delivered emotion regulation training with peer-delivered psychoeducation regarding mental health, both delivered during the fire academy, for preventing symptoms of PTSD (primary outcome), depression, anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and functional impairment. Emotion regulation training is based on the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Participants will be a non-clinical population of FF trainees completing the fire academy at 10–12 cities nationwide (N = 312). Participants will be cluster randomized to training condition by recruit class. Subsequent recruit classes will then alternate between conditions within each city. Assessment measures will be administered at pre-training baseline, post-training, and at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24 month follow-ups. Clinical trial registration: NCT06290778.
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spelling doaj-art-113ff9377f374ea0bd2d3b20fcf505dc2025-08-24T05:13:32ZengElsevierContemporary Clinical Trials Communications2451-86542025-10-014710153710.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trialEric C. Meyer0Todd Farchione1Nathan A. Kimbrel2Oi-Man Kwok3Michelle L. Pennington4Jessica Rostockyj5Suzy B. Gulliver6Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, USADepartment of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USAWarriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USAWarriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USAWarriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAFire fighters (FFs) risk their lives, health, and well-being through trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. FFs report concerning rates of mental health challenges, alcohol use disorders, and suicide risk. These problems tend to co-occur, as each is linked with reliance on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. As FFs advance in their careers, many tend to rely more heavily on these maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, thus exacerbating the problems. Many FFs leave fire service prematurely due to mental and physical health problems. FFs must be equipped with more effective emotion regulation skills to buffer against stressors they will face. FFs may benefit from training in transdiagnostic emotion regulation skills delivered by credible peers upon entry and socialization into the profession, potentially preventing substantial negative outcomes downstream while promoting resilience and wellness. This paper describes a cluster randomized controlled trial to compare peer-delivered emotion regulation training with peer-delivered psychoeducation regarding mental health, both delivered during the fire academy, for preventing symptoms of PTSD (primary outcome), depression, anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and functional impairment. Emotion regulation training is based on the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Participants will be a non-clinical population of FF trainees completing the fire academy at 10–12 cities nationwide (N = 312). Participants will be cluster randomized to training condition by recruit class. Subsequent recruit classes will then alternate between conditions within each city. Assessment measures will be administered at pre-training baseline, post-training, and at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24 month follow-ups. Clinical trial registration: NCT06290778.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451865425001115Emotion regulationPreventionResiliencePosttraumatic stress disorderEmergency responderFire fighter
spellingShingle Eric C. Meyer
Todd Farchione
Nathan A. Kimbrel
Oi-Man Kwok
Michelle L. Pennington
Jessica Rostockyj
Suzy B. Gulliver
Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
Emotion regulation
Prevention
Resilience
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Emergency responder
Fire fighter
title Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
title_full Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
title_short Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
title_sort peer delivered emotion regulation focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
topic Emotion regulation
Prevention
Resilience
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Emergency responder
Fire fighter
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451865425001115
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