Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of women worldwide at least once in their lifetime, with up to 9% of women experiencing recurrent episodes (RVVC). Genetic differences may play a role in women developing recurrent VVC infections. Thus, we investigated genetic host factors that may...

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Main Authors: Gloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi, Isis Ricano Ponce, Diletta Rosati, Mariolina Bruno, Nelly W. Kamau, Moses M. Obimbo, Martin Jaeger, Andre J. A. M. van der Ven, Mihai G. Netea, Vinod Kumar, Jaap Ten Oever
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95772-7
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author Gloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi
Isis Ricano Ponce
Diletta Rosati
Mariolina Bruno
Nelly W. Kamau
Moses M. Obimbo
Martin Jaeger
Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
Mihai G. Netea
Vinod Kumar
Jaap Ten Oever
author_facet Gloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi
Isis Ricano Ponce
Diletta Rosati
Mariolina Bruno
Nelly W. Kamau
Moses M. Obimbo
Martin Jaeger
Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
Mihai G. Netea
Vinod Kumar
Jaap Ten Oever
author_sort Gloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of women worldwide at least once in their lifetime, with up to 9% of women experiencing recurrent episodes (RVVC). Genetic differences may play a role in women developing recurrent VVC infections. Thus, we investigated genetic host factors that may increase the risk of RVVC in women from an African population. We conducted a case–control study in women in Nairobi Kenya, to identify genetic risk factors for RVVC. Our genome-wide association study compared women with RVVC (n = 174) to those with acute VVC (n = 157), and with controls (n = 347). The control group included both symptomatic but uninfected women (n = 246) and asymptomatic/healthy women (n = 101). We identified several genomic variants linked to increased RVVC susceptibility (P < 10–5), with the key ones being SNP rs8181503 found near the MS4A12 gene (P = 9.28 × 10–7, odds ratio (OR) = 0.46), and SNP rs58936172 located near the TMEM39A gene (P = 8.96 × 10–6, OR = 2.42). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of genetic variants linked to increased risk of RVVC in genes involved in metabolic, disease signalling, and cell adhesion pathways. These included pathways related to gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, pentose phosphate, chemotaxis, and fibroblast growth factor signalling pathways. The genes and pathways identified in our study may help to understand the susceptibility to RVVC in African populations, to improve patient care.
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spelling doaj-art-1132e18fcafb4f80b3e26fbe684675ae2025-08-20T02:16:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-95772-7Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, KenyaGloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi0Isis Ricano Ponce1Diletta Rosati2Mariolina Bruno3Nelly W. Kamau4Moses M. Obimbo5Martin Jaeger6Andre J. A. M. van der Ven7Mihai G. Netea8Vinod Kumar9Jaap Ten Oever10Faculty of Health Sciences, University of NairobiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterFaculty of Health Sciences, University of NairobiFaculty of Health Sciences, University of NairobiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical CenterAbstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of women worldwide at least once in their lifetime, with up to 9% of women experiencing recurrent episodes (RVVC). Genetic differences may play a role in women developing recurrent VVC infections. Thus, we investigated genetic host factors that may increase the risk of RVVC in women from an African population. We conducted a case–control study in women in Nairobi Kenya, to identify genetic risk factors for RVVC. Our genome-wide association study compared women with RVVC (n = 174) to those with acute VVC (n = 157), and with controls (n = 347). The control group included both symptomatic but uninfected women (n = 246) and asymptomatic/healthy women (n = 101). We identified several genomic variants linked to increased RVVC susceptibility (P < 10–5), with the key ones being SNP rs8181503 found near the MS4A12 gene (P = 9.28 × 10–7, odds ratio (OR) = 0.46), and SNP rs58936172 located near the TMEM39A gene (P = 8.96 × 10–6, OR = 2.42). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of genetic variants linked to increased risk of RVVC in genes involved in metabolic, disease signalling, and cell adhesion pathways. These included pathways related to gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, pentose phosphate, chemotaxis, and fibroblast growth factor signalling pathways. The genes and pathways identified in our study may help to understand the susceptibility to RVVC in African populations, to improve patient care.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95772-7Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasisCandidaGenetic polymorphismsCytokines
spellingShingle Gloria S. Omosa-Manyonyi
Isis Ricano Ponce
Diletta Rosati
Mariolina Bruno
Nelly W. Kamau
Moses M. Obimbo
Martin Jaeger
Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
Mihai G. Netea
Vinod Kumar
Jaap Ten Oever
Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
Scientific Reports
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Candida
Genetic polymorphisms
Cytokines
title Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
title_full Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
title_fullStr Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
title_short Genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population from Nairobi, Kenya
title_sort genetic susceptibility to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in an african population from nairobi kenya
topic Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Candida
Genetic polymorphisms
Cytokines
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95772-7
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