Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review

Abstract Introduction: central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath from oligodendrocytes due to a rapid increase in plasma osmolarity and consequent passage of components through the blood-brain barrier. Description: a woman at six weeks of pregnancy...

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Main Authors: Danielle Medeiros Urquiza, Alex Sandro Rolland Souza, Giovanna Macedo Tavares, Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque Souza, Leila Katz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco 2025-03-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-38292025000101100&tlng=en
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author Danielle Medeiros Urquiza
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
Giovanna Macedo Tavares
Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque Souza
Leila Katz
author_facet Danielle Medeiros Urquiza
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
Giovanna Macedo Tavares
Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque Souza
Leila Katz
author_sort Danielle Medeiros Urquiza
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction: central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath from oligodendrocytes due to a rapid increase in plasma osmolarity and consequent passage of components through the blood-brain barrier. Description: a woman at six weeks of pregnancy, presenting previous uninvestigated generalized tonic-clonic seizures, type 1 diabetes mellitus since childhood, and using both licit and illicit drugs, was admitted to the hospital with CPM diagnosed after dysglycemia. She presented an unfavorable obstetric outcome with a neurological rehabilitation prognosis. Discussion: the rapid correction of hyponatremia is considered the main cause of CPM among its different etiologies described in the literature, such as relevant dysglycemia, nutritional deficiencies, and drug abuse. This study reported differential diagnoses of CPM in an atypical context (i.e., pregnancy), emphasizing the importance of knowing this multifactorial condition in intensive and obstetric care for appropriate multi-professional clinical management.
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publisher Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco
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series Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
spelling doaj-art-110a1aefa8a247f0ab548253003fb6342025-08-20T01:50:43ZengInstituto Materno Infantil de PernambucoRevista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil1806-93042025-03-012510.1590/1806-9304202500000214-enCentral pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature reviewDanielle Medeiros Urquizahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-409XAlex Sandro Rolland Souzahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-2052Giovanna Macedo Tavareshttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-9139-8007Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque Souzahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-701XLeila Katzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-7917Abstract Introduction: central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath from oligodendrocytes due to a rapid increase in plasma osmolarity and consequent passage of components through the blood-brain barrier. Description: a woman at six weeks of pregnancy, presenting previous uninvestigated generalized tonic-clonic seizures, type 1 diabetes mellitus since childhood, and using both licit and illicit drugs, was admitted to the hospital with CPM diagnosed after dysglycemia. She presented an unfavorable obstetric outcome with a neurological rehabilitation prognosis. Discussion: the rapid correction of hyponatremia is considered the main cause of CPM among its different etiologies described in the literature, such as relevant dysglycemia, nutritional deficiencies, and drug abuse. This study reported differential diagnoses of CPM in an atypical context (i.e., pregnancy), emphasizing the importance of knowing this multifactorial condition in intensive and obstetric care for appropriate multi-professional clinical management.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-38292025000101100&tlng=enCentral pontine myelinolysisDifferential diagnosisOsmolar concentrationPregnancy
spellingShingle Danielle Medeiros Urquiza
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
Giovanna Macedo Tavares
Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque Souza
Leila Katz
Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
Central pontine myelinolysis
Differential diagnosis
Osmolar concentration
Pregnancy
title Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
title_full Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
title_fullStr Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
title_full_unstemmed Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
title_short Central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes: case report and literature review
title_sort central pontine myelinolysis and its differential diagnoses in a pregnant woman with diabetes case report and literature review
topic Central pontine myelinolysis
Differential diagnosis
Osmolar concentration
Pregnancy
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-38292025000101100&tlng=en
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