Genotoxicity of Coffee, Coffee By-Products, and Coffee Bioactive Compounds: Contradictory Evidence from In Vitro Studies

Coffee and coffee by-products, such as coffee cherries, coffee flowers, coffee leaves, green beans, roasted coffee, instant coffee, spent coffee grounds, and silverskin, contain a complex mixture of bioactive compounds that may exhibit both genotoxic and antimutagenic effects. This article evaluates...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maryam Monazzah, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/5/409
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