Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification

Liquid assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are difficult to implement in point-of-care microfluidic devices because bubbles often form. We present a reaction chamber design called same-depth inlet outlet (SDIO), which was found to reduce...

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Main Authors: Vi T. Nguyen, Clifford Anderson, Karen S. Anderson, Jennifer Blain Christen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Sensors and Actuators Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053925000724
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author Vi T. Nguyen
Clifford Anderson
Karen S. Anderson
Jennifer Blain Christen
author_facet Vi T. Nguyen
Clifford Anderson
Karen S. Anderson
Jennifer Blain Christen
author_sort Vi T. Nguyen
collection DOAJ
description Liquid assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are difficult to implement in point-of-care microfluidic devices because bubbles often form. We present a reaction chamber design called same-depth inlet outlet (SDIO), which was found to reduce the instances of bubble formation by an average of 92.2 % across different flow rates when compared to traditional designs. We designed the fabrication process using xurography, laser cutting, and lamination techniques, which enable rapid and low-cost prototyping. The fabrication methods were evaluated for nuclease contamination, and best practices to reduce nucleases during and after chip assembly are detailed. Our technique, using a combination of ethanol rinses and ultraviolet-C light radiation, was found to reduce RNases up to tenfold. Different materials were tested for microfluidic compatibility with LAMP assay reagents by making chips that realistically emulate final surface areas and volumes. A variation in performance was found among different adhesives, where the best fluorescence ratio between positive and negative reactions was 4.63. Our microfluidic design was validated by amplifying a spiked RT-LAMP assay with SARS-CoV-2 primers in the reaction chambers. The overall findings aim to facilitate early-stage development and prototyping of microfluidic devices with consistent and reliable results.
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spelling doaj-art-1100da5183204dc883dd4e60dca7d25f2025-08-20T04:01:00ZengElsevierSensors and Actuators Reports2666-05392025-12-011010035410.1016/j.snr.2025.100354Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplificationVi T. Nguyen0Clifford Anderson1Karen S. Anderson2Jennifer Blain Christen3Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USACenter for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USACenter for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USACenter for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Corresponding author.Liquid assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are difficult to implement in point-of-care microfluidic devices because bubbles often form. We present a reaction chamber design called same-depth inlet outlet (SDIO), which was found to reduce the instances of bubble formation by an average of 92.2 % across different flow rates when compared to traditional designs. We designed the fabrication process using xurography, laser cutting, and lamination techniques, which enable rapid and low-cost prototyping. The fabrication methods were evaluated for nuclease contamination, and best practices to reduce nucleases during and after chip assembly are detailed. Our technique, using a combination of ethanol rinses and ultraviolet-C light radiation, was found to reduce RNases up to tenfold. Different materials were tested for microfluidic compatibility with LAMP assay reagents by making chips that realistically emulate final surface areas and volumes. A variation in performance was found among different adhesives, where the best fluorescence ratio between positive and negative reactions was 4.63. Our microfluidic design was validated by amplifying a spiked RT-LAMP assay with SARS-CoV-2 primers in the reaction chambers. The overall findings aim to facilitate early-stage development and prototyping of microfluidic devices with consistent and reliable results.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053925000724MicrofluidicsPoint-of-careDiagnosticsLab-on-a-chipLAMPNucleic acid amplification
spellingShingle Vi T. Nguyen
Clifford Anderson
Karen S. Anderson
Jennifer Blain Christen
Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
Sensors and Actuators Reports
Microfluidics
Point-of-care
Diagnostics
Lab-on-a-chip
LAMP
Nucleic acid amplification
title Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
title_full Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
title_fullStr Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
title_full_unstemmed Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
title_short Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
title_sort design fabrication and decontamination of low cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification
topic Microfluidics
Point-of-care
Diagnostics
Lab-on-a-chip
LAMP
Nucleic acid amplification
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053925000724
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AT cliffordanderson designfabricationanddecontaminationoflowcostmicrofluidicsfornucleicacidamplification
AT karensanderson designfabricationanddecontaminationoflowcostmicrofluidicsfornucleicacidamplification
AT jenniferblainchristen designfabricationanddecontaminationoflowcostmicrofluidicsfornucleicacidamplification