Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health

Abstract Ultraviolet absorption (UV) spectroscopy is an invaluable method for analyzing compounds in ocular fluids, identifying chemical structures, and understanding molecular interactions. The widespread use of additives in food production is well documented; these additives color, flavor, preserv...

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Main Authors: Sherif S. Mahmoud, Shimaa M. Elshebley, Eman M. Aly, Sahar M. Awad, Gehan M. Kamal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02190-w
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author Sherif S. Mahmoud
Shimaa M. Elshebley
Eman M. Aly
Sahar M. Awad
Gehan M. Kamal
author_facet Sherif S. Mahmoud
Shimaa M. Elshebley
Eman M. Aly
Sahar M. Awad
Gehan M. Kamal
author_sort Sherif S. Mahmoud
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ultraviolet absorption (UV) spectroscopy is an invaluable method for analyzing compounds in ocular fluids, identifying chemical structures, and understanding molecular interactions. The widespread use of additives in food production is well documented; these additives color, flavor, preserve, and enhance the texture or nutrition of food, ensuring a broader range of products and reducing costs. This study employed UV spectroscopy to examine changes in aqueous humor composition after daily intake of permitted amounts of food additives over 45–90 days. The rats were administered colorant dyes (carmoisine or tartrazine), a sodium benzoate preservative, or a combination of all three through oral gavage. Aqueous humor samples were collected post sedation from the anterior chamber via a 30-gauge needle without additional processing. The spectra of these samples were analyzed via secondary derivative calculations and chemometric analysis (principal component and hierarchical analyses) with OriginPro 2015 software. The common outcome observed was ocular toxicity, resulting from decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to ocular side effects on the cornea and lens. These changes in aqueous humor composition are indirectly linked to food additives rather than the mechanisms of aqueous humor formation.
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spelling doaj-art-10ffdd1b2a784a58b0e29dfaa26bc57f2025-08-20T02:34:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-02190-wSecond-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular healthSherif S. Mahmoud0Shimaa M. Elshebley1Eman M. Aly2Sahar M. Awad3Gehan M. Kamal4Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of OphthalmologyPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls branch)Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of OphthalmologyPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls branch)Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls branch)Abstract Ultraviolet absorption (UV) spectroscopy is an invaluable method for analyzing compounds in ocular fluids, identifying chemical structures, and understanding molecular interactions. The widespread use of additives in food production is well documented; these additives color, flavor, preserve, and enhance the texture or nutrition of food, ensuring a broader range of products and reducing costs. This study employed UV spectroscopy to examine changes in aqueous humor composition after daily intake of permitted amounts of food additives over 45–90 days. The rats were administered colorant dyes (carmoisine or tartrazine), a sodium benzoate preservative, or a combination of all three through oral gavage. Aqueous humor samples were collected post sedation from the anterior chamber via a 30-gauge needle without additional processing. The spectra of these samples were analyzed via secondary derivative calculations and chemometric analysis (principal component and hierarchical analyses) with OriginPro 2015 software. The common outcome observed was ocular toxicity, resulting from decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to ocular side effects on the cornea and lens. These changes in aqueous humor composition are indirectly linked to food additives rather than the mechanisms of aqueous humor formation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02190-wEyeAqueous humorUV spectroscopySecond derivativeChemometric analysis
spellingShingle Sherif S. Mahmoud
Shimaa M. Elshebley
Eman M. Aly
Sahar M. Awad
Gehan M. Kamal
Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
Scientific Reports
Eye
Aqueous humor
UV spectroscopy
Second derivative
Chemometric analysis
title Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
title_full Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
title_fullStr Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
title_full_unstemmed Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
title_short Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
title_sort second derivative uv spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health
topic Eye
Aqueous humor
UV spectroscopy
Second derivative
Chemometric analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02190-w
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