A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attractive devices, particularly for biomedical applications. The inherent quality of OECTs in amplifying signals, combined with the possibility of directly interfacing with biological tissue, make them unique candidates to replace recording e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Advanced Electronic Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400755 |
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| author | Farnaz Fahimi Hanzaee Ivan B. Dimov Luke W. Gatecliff Richard H. Bayford George G. Malliaras Andreas Demosthenous Nick de N. Donaldson |
| author_facet | Farnaz Fahimi Hanzaee Ivan B. Dimov Luke W. Gatecliff Richard H. Bayford George G. Malliaras Andreas Demosthenous Nick de N. Donaldson |
| author_sort | Farnaz Fahimi Hanzaee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attractive devices, particularly for biomedical applications. The inherent quality of OECTs in amplifying signals, combined with the possibility of directly interfacing with biological tissue, make them unique candidates to replace recording electrodes with the added advantage of providing on‐site amplification (and thus allowing them to be counted as active electrodes). While most amplifiers using OECTs are transconductance amplifiers, having voltage‐to‐voltage amplification is more desirable in many applications to make the output compatible with any downstream conditioning circuit. Differential recording of physiological signals has the benefit of rejecting the common‐mode noise sourcing from the environment or the body itself while amplifying the desired signal. Here the considerations for and challenges of designing an OECT‐based differential amplifier are discussed and a three‐transistor amplifier is proposed that can provide a common‐mode rejection ratio of up to ≈20 dB. To demonstrate its advantage, a differential amplifier is used to record ECG signals from a human volunteer, and the collected data is compared with recordings from a Wheatstone bridge OECT amplifier, showing the improved signal‐to‐noise ratio, gain, and power consumption. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-10fa5e32c227475f95b8ae1d55cc841f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2199-160X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Electronic Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-10fa5e32c227475f95b8ae1d55cc841f2025-08-20T02:07:24ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Electronic Materials2199-160X2025-06-01119n/an/a10.1002/aelm.202400755A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical TransistorsFarnaz Fahimi Hanzaee0Ivan B. Dimov1Luke W. Gatecliff2Richard H. Bayford3George G. Malliaras4Andreas Demosthenous5Nick de N. Donaldson6Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UKElectrical Engineering Division Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FA UKElectrical Engineering Division Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FA UKDepartment of Natural Sciences Middlesex University London NW4 4BT UKElectrical Engineering Division Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FA UKDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UKImplanted Devices Group Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London WC1E 6BT UKAbstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attractive devices, particularly for biomedical applications. The inherent quality of OECTs in amplifying signals, combined with the possibility of directly interfacing with biological tissue, make them unique candidates to replace recording electrodes with the added advantage of providing on‐site amplification (and thus allowing them to be counted as active electrodes). While most amplifiers using OECTs are transconductance amplifiers, having voltage‐to‐voltage amplification is more desirable in many applications to make the output compatible with any downstream conditioning circuit. Differential recording of physiological signals has the benefit of rejecting the common‐mode noise sourcing from the environment or the body itself while amplifying the desired signal. Here the considerations for and challenges of designing an OECT‐based differential amplifier are discussed and a three‐transistor amplifier is proposed that can provide a common‐mode rejection ratio of up to ≈20 dB. To demonstrate its advantage, a differential amplifier is used to record ECG signals from a human volunteer, and the collected data is compared with recordings from a Wheatstone bridge OECT amplifier, showing the improved signal‐to‐noise ratio, gain, and power consumption.https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400755common‐mode rejection ratiodifferential amplifierECG recordingOECTorganic electronics |
| spellingShingle | Farnaz Fahimi Hanzaee Ivan B. Dimov Luke W. Gatecliff Richard H. Bayford George G. Malliaras Andreas Demosthenous Nick de N. Donaldson A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors Advanced Electronic Materials common‐mode rejection ratio differential amplifier ECG recording OECT organic electronics |
| title | A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors |
| title_full | A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors |
| title_fullStr | A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors |
| title_short | A Single‐Stage Differential Amplifier Using Organic Electrochemical Transistors |
| title_sort | single stage differential amplifier using organic electrochemical transistors |
| topic | common‐mode rejection ratio differential amplifier ECG recording OECT organic electronics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400755 |
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