Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters

A study was carried out to investigate and enhance the effects of friction stir welding on the mechanical characteristics of a flange composed of 6061-T3 aluminum alloy. The pipes possess an outer diameter and wall thickness of 6 mm, while the plates are sized at 100 x 100 × 6 mm. Nine unique experi...

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Main Authors: Ibrahim Sabry, A.M. Hewidy, Mohammad Alkhedher, Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2024-11-01
Series:International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840424000635
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author Ibrahim Sabry
A.M. Hewidy
Mohammad Alkhedher
Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad
author_facet Ibrahim Sabry
A.M. Hewidy
Mohammad Alkhedher
Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad
author_sort Ibrahim Sabry
collection DOAJ
description A study was carried out to investigate and enhance the effects of friction stir welding on the mechanical characteristics of a flange composed of 6061-T3 aluminum alloy. The pipes possess an outer diameter and wall thickness of 6 mm, while the plates are sized at 100 x 100 × 6 mm. Nine unique experiments were planned using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, with the welding tool remaining constant. Three independent variables (travel speed, rotation speed, and shoulder diameter) were altered at three different levels for each variable. The research analyzed the influence of various FSW factors on the weld flange joint. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to determine the impact of each FSW underwater parameter. Moreover, the statistical Taguchi technique (TM) was used to predict the optimal combination of welding parameters to improve tensile properties, including tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), elongation (EI%), and bending load (BL) of welded joints. Additionally, the actual tests demonstrated a high level of agreement with the results obtained from the proposed mathematical model. The validation results obtained indicate that the optimization method is a dependable tool for enhancing the quality responses of friction stir welding.
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issn 2588-8404
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
series International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture
spelling doaj-art-10e96f63fb4a4df1aba06665ef0d66ac2025-08-20T01:54:15ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture2588-84042024-11-017677379210.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.06.006Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parametersIbrahim Sabry0A.M. Hewidy1Mohammad Alkhedher2Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, EgyptDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, EgyptMechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, 59911, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesMechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; On leave from mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, El Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Corresponding author. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates.A study was carried out to investigate and enhance the effects of friction stir welding on the mechanical characteristics of a flange composed of 6061-T3 aluminum alloy. The pipes possess an outer diameter and wall thickness of 6 mm, while the plates are sized at 100 x 100 × 6 mm. Nine unique experiments were planned using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, with the welding tool remaining constant. Three independent variables (travel speed, rotation speed, and shoulder diameter) were altered at three different levels for each variable. The research analyzed the influence of various FSW factors on the weld flange joint. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to determine the impact of each FSW underwater parameter. Moreover, the statistical Taguchi technique (TM) was used to predict the optimal combination of welding parameters to improve tensile properties, including tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), elongation (EI%), and bending load (BL) of welded joints. Additionally, the actual tests demonstrated a high level of agreement with the results obtained from the proposed mathematical model. The validation results obtained indicate that the optimization method is a dependable tool for enhancing the quality responses of friction stir welding.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840424000635FlangeFSWANOVATaguchi-based GRASignal-to-noise ratio analysis
spellingShingle Ibrahim Sabry
A.M. Hewidy
Mohammad Alkhedher
Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad
Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture
Flange
FSW
ANOVA
Taguchi-based GRA
Signal-to-noise ratio analysis
title Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
title_full Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
title_fullStr Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
title_short Analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061-T6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
title_sort analysis of variance and grey relational analysis application methods for the selection and optimization problem in 6061 t6 flange friction stir welding process parameters
topic Flange
FSW
ANOVA
Taguchi-based GRA
Signal-to-noise ratio analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840424000635
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