Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches

Interface debonding between the steel tube and grouting materials in grouting jacket connections (GJCs) of offshore wind turbine supporting structures leads to negative effects on the load-carrying capacity and safety concerns. In this paper, an interface debonding defect detection and localization...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bin Xu, Qian Liu, Xinhai Zhu, Hanbin Ge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3124
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849326982331891712
author Bin Xu
Qian Liu
Xinhai Zhu
Hanbin Ge
author_facet Bin Xu
Qian Liu
Xinhai Zhu
Hanbin Ge
author_sort Bin Xu
collection DOAJ
description Interface debonding between the steel tube and grouting materials in grouting jacket connections (GJCs) of offshore wind turbine supporting structures leads to negative effects on the load-carrying capacity and safety concerns. In this paper, an interface debonding defect detection and localization approach for scale underwater GJC specimens using surface wave measurement is proposed and validated numerically. A multi-physics finite element model (FEM) of underwater GJCs with mimicked interface debonding defects, surrounded by water, and coupled with surface-mounted piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches is established. Under the excitation of a five-cycle modulated signal, the surface stress wave propagation, including transmission, diffraction, and reflection, within the outer steel tube, grouting material, and inner steel tube is simulated. The influence of mimicked interface debonding defects of varying dimensions on stress wave propagation is systematically analyzed through stress wave field distributions at distinct time intervals. Additionally, the response of surface-mounted PZT sensors in the underwater GJC model under a one-pitch-one-catch (OPOC) configuration is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the wavelet packet energy (WPE) of the surface wave measurement from the PZT sensors corresponding to the traveling path with a mimicked interface debonding defect is larger than that without a defect. To further localize the debonding region, a one pitch and multiple catch (OPMC) configuration is employed, and an abnormal value analysis is conducted on the WPEs of PZT sensor measurements with identical and comparable wave traveling patches. The identified debonding regions correspond to the simulated defects in the models.
format Article
id doaj-art-10dd7b0952da495f9192f3784bd5e9c0
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-10dd7b0952da495f9192f3784bd5e9c02025-08-20T03:48:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510312410.3390/s25103124Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT PatchesBin Xu0Qian Liu1Xinhai Zhu2Hanbin Ge3College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaShanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, JapanInterface debonding between the steel tube and grouting materials in grouting jacket connections (GJCs) of offshore wind turbine supporting structures leads to negative effects on the load-carrying capacity and safety concerns. In this paper, an interface debonding defect detection and localization approach for scale underwater GJC specimens using surface wave measurement is proposed and validated numerically. A multi-physics finite element model (FEM) of underwater GJCs with mimicked interface debonding defects, surrounded by water, and coupled with surface-mounted piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches is established. Under the excitation of a five-cycle modulated signal, the surface stress wave propagation, including transmission, diffraction, and reflection, within the outer steel tube, grouting material, and inner steel tube is simulated. The influence of mimicked interface debonding defects of varying dimensions on stress wave propagation is systematically analyzed through stress wave field distributions at distinct time intervals. Additionally, the response of surface-mounted PZT sensors in the underwater GJC model under a one-pitch-one-catch (OPOC) configuration is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the wavelet packet energy (WPE) of the surface wave measurement from the PZT sensors corresponding to the traveling path with a mimicked interface debonding defect is larger than that without a defect. To further localize the debonding region, a one pitch and multiple catch (OPMC) configuration is employed, and an abnormal value analysis is conducted on the WPEs of PZT sensor measurements with identical and comparable wave traveling patches. The identified debonding regions correspond to the simulated defects in the models.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3124underwater grouting jacket connection (GJC)interface debonding defectsurface wave measurementwavelet packet energypiezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)multi-physical field numerical simulation
spellingShingle Bin Xu
Qian Liu
Xinhai Zhu
Hanbin Ge
Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
Sensors
underwater grouting jacket connection (GJC)
interface debonding defect
surface wave measurement
wavelet packet energy
piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
multi-physical field numerical simulation
title Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
title_full Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
title_fullStr Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
title_full_unstemmed Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
title_short Multi-Physics Coupling Simulation of Surface Stress Waves for Interface Debonding Detection in Underwater Grouting Jacket Connections with PZT Patches
title_sort multi physics coupling simulation of surface stress waves for interface debonding detection in underwater grouting jacket connections with pzt patches
topic underwater grouting jacket connection (GJC)
interface debonding defect
surface wave measurement
wavelet packet energy
piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
multi-physical field numerical simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3124
work_keys_str_mv AT binxu multiphysicscouplingsimulationofsurfacestresswavesforinterfacedebondingdetectioninunderwatergroutingjacketconnectionswithpztpatches
AT qianliu multiphysicscouplingsimulationofsurfacestresswavesforinterfacedebondingdetectioninunderwatergroutingjacketconnectionswithpztpatches
AT xinhaizhu multiphysicscouplingsimulationofsurfacestresswavesforinterfacedebondingdetectioninunderwatergroutingjacketconnectionswithpztpatches
AT hanbinge multiphysicscouplingsimulationofsurfacestresswavesforinterfacedebondingdetectioninunderwatergroutingjacketconnectionswithpztpatches