Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index

It has been shown that within the range of acoustic pressures used in ultrasound imaging, waveforms are distorted during propagation in tissue due to the physically nonlinear behavior of the tissue. This distortion leads to changes in the spectrum of the received ultrasound echoes, causing the trans...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andrzej NOWICKI, Jurij TASINKIEWICZ, Piotr KARWAT, Ihor TROTS, Norbert ŻOŁEK, Ryszard TYMKIEWICZ
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences 2024-10-01
Series:Archives of Acoustics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://acoustics.ippt.pan.pl/index.php/aa/article/view/4077
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849413181171040256
author Andrzej NOWICKI
Jurij TASINKIEWICZ
Piotr KARWAT
Ihor TROTS
Norbert ŻOŁEK
Ryszard TYMKIEWICZ
author_facet Andrzej NOWICKI
Jurij TASINKIEWICZ
Piotr KARWAT
Ihor TROTS
Norbert ŻOŁEK
Ryszard TYMKIEWICZ
author_sort Andrzej NOWICKI
collection DOAJ
description It has been shown that within the range of acoustic pressures used in ultrasound imaging, waveforms are distorted during propagation in tissue due to the physically nonlinear behavior of the tissue. This distortion leads to changes in the spectrum of the received ultrasound echoes, causing the transfer of signal energy from the fundamental frequency to higher harmonics. Interestingly, adipose tissue exhibits up to 50 % stronger nonlinear behavior compared to other soft tissues. The tissue nonlinearity parameter B/A is typically measured ex vivo using an ultrasound method in transmission mode, which requires extensive receiving systems. Currently, there is no improved ultrasound method for measuring the B/A nonlinearity parameter in vivo, which could be used in assessing the degree of fatty liver disease. We propose a new, simple approach to estimating nonlinear tissue properties. The proposed method involves transmitting ultrasound waves at significantly different acoustic pressures, recording echoes only in the fundamental frequency band at various depths, and introducing a nonlinearity index (NLI) based on specific echo amplitude ratios. The NLI at a given depth is calculated using the ratio of two dimensionless parameters. The first parameter is a predetermined constant obtained by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower sound pressure, summed over a small tissue sample volume located near the transducer. The second parameter is calculated at a fixed distance from the transducer, determined by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower pressure, summed over a small tissue volume of the tissue at that distance from the transducer. The reliability of the proposed measurements for assessing tissue nonlinearity has been substantiated through experimental confirmation of the existing correlations between the values of NLI and B/A in water, sunflower oil, and animal liver tissue samples with oil-enriched regions. The NLI was more than 15 % higher in sunflower oil than in water. The NLI in bovine liver sample below the area with injected oil (mimicking “steatosis”) was more than 35 % higher than in regions without oil. This method represents a promising modality for the nonlinear characterization of tissue regions in vivo, particularly for diagnosing fatty liver disease.
format Article
id doaj-art-10dc784cf4d245529ce2b8a02b66dc68
institution Kabale University
issn 0137-5075
2300-262X
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences
record_format Article
series Archives of Acoustics
spelling doaj-art-10dc784cf4d245529ce2b8a02b66dc682025-08-20T03:34:12ZengInstitute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of SciencesArchives of Acoustics0137-50752300-262X2024-10-0149410.24425/aoa.2024.148814Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity IndexAndrzej NOWICKI0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-8237Jurij TASINKIEWICZ1Piotr KARWAT2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-1130Ihor TROTS3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-3116Norbert ŻOŁEK4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-7783Ryszard TYMKIEWICZ5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-0043Department of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchDepartment of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchDepartment of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchDepartment of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchDepartment of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchDepartment of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological ResearchIt has been shown that within the range of acoustic pressures used in ultrasound imaging, waveforms are distorted during propagation in tissue due to the physically nonlinear behavior of the tissue. This distortion leads to changes in the spectrum of the received ultrasound echoes, causing the transfer of signal energy from the fundamental frequency to higher harmonics. Interestingly, adipose tissue exhibits up to 50 % stronger nonlinear behavior compared to other soft tissues. The tissue nonlinearity parameter B/A is typically measured ex vivo using an ultrasound method in transmission mode, which requires extensive receiving systems. Currently, there is no improved ultrasound method for measuring the B/A nonlinearity parameter in vivo, which could be used in assessing the degree of fatty liver disease. We propose a new, simple approach to estimating nonlinear tissue properties. The proposed method involves transmitting ultrasound waves at significantly different acoustic pressures, recording echoes only in the fundamental frequency band at various depths, and introducing a nonlinearity index (NLI) based on specific echo amplitude ratios. The NLI at a given depth is calculated using the ratio of two dimensionless parameters. The first parameter is a predetermined constant obtained by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower sound pressure, summed over a small tissue sample volume located near the transducer. The second parameter is calculated at a fixed distance from the transducer, determined by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower pressure, summed over a small tissue volume of the tissue at that distance from the transducer. The reliability of the proposed measurements for assessing tissue nonlinearity has been substantiated through experimental confirmation of the existing correlations between the values of NLI and B/A in water, sunflower oil, and animal liver tissue samples with oil-enriched regions. The NLI was more than 15 % higher in sunflower oil than in water. The NLI in bovine liver sample below the area with injected oil (mimicking “steatosis”) was more than 35 % higher than in regions without oil. This method represents a promising modality for the nonlinear characterization of tissue regions in vivo, particularly for diagnosing fatty liver disease.https://acoustics.ippt.pan.pl/index.php/aa/article/view/4077ultrasound imagingabdominal ultrasoundnonlinear propagationtissue harmonic imagingnonlinearity index
spellingShingle Andrzej NOWICKI
Jurij TASINKIEWICZ
Piotr KARWAT
Ihor TROTS
Norbert ŻOŁEK
Ryszard TYMKIEWICZ
Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
Archives of Acoustics
ultrasound imaging
abdominal ultrasound
nonlinear propagation
tissue harmonic imaging
nonlinearity index
title Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
title_full Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
title_fullStr Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
title_short Ultrasound Imaging of Nonlinear Media Response Using a Pressure-Dependent Nonlinearity Index
title_sort ultrasound imaging of nonlinear media response using a pressure dependent nonlinearity index
topic ultrasound imaging
abdominal ultrasound
nonlinear propagation
tissue harmonic imaging
nonlinearity index
url https://acoustics.ippt.pan.pl/index.php/aa/article/view/4077
work_keys_str_mv AT andrzejnowicki ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex
AT jurijtasinkiewicz ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex
AT piotrkarwat ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex
AT ihortrots ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex
AT norbertzołek ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex
AT ryszardtymkiewicz ultrasoundimagingofnonlinearmediaresponseusingapressuredependentnonlinearityindex