Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines
Rapid urbanization worldwide is driving increased demand for petroleum products. Yet, crude oil reserves—finite, geographically concentrated resources—are insufficient to meet this rising need, especially in countries lacking substantial fossil fuel reserves. This situation underscores the urgency...
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International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development - iRASD
2024-12-01
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| Series: | iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/jee/article/view/2509 |
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| author | Sher Muhammad Ghoto Ramez Raja Sajjad Bhnagwar Faisal Rehman Abdullah Qazi Habib Ahmed Tooba Waseem |
| author_facet | Sher Muhammad Ghoto Ramez Raja Sajjad Bhnagwar Faisal Rehman Abdullah Qazi Habib Ahmed Tooba Waseem |
| author_sort | Sher Muhammad Ghoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Rapid urbanization worldwide is driving increased demand for petroleum products. Yet, crude oil reserves—finite, geographically concentrated resources—are insufficient to meet this rising need, especially in countries lacking substantial fossil fuel reserves. This situation underscores the urgency of shifting toward alternative energy sources before reserves are exhausted. This study conducted particulate matter emissions and endurance testing using diesel fuel mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The endurance test involved a single-cylinder, horizontal diesel engine, running for 60 hours without modifications. Two fuel samples were examined: D100 (pure diesel) as the baseline and D97Al?O? (97% diesel with 3% aluminum oxide nanoparticles). Engine performance metrics and sound pressure levels were recorded at a constant 1400 RPM, with variable loads from 0.0 to 1.6 Kg-m, incremented by 0.1 Kg-m. The load was set at 1.0 Kg-m for endurance testing with a constant 1400 RPM. Visual inspection of fuel injector tips helped analyze the deposition of aromatic compounds on injector surfaces for each fuel sample. Electron microscopy provided detailed insights into deposit formation, showing that carbon deposition was reduced by 22.22% when aluminum oxide was used as an additive further analysis of the particulate matter emissions the results shows that PM reduced by 12.08% in aluminum oxide compared to the diesel fuel. Because they aid in the creation of cleaner fuel technologies that can lessen reliance on traditional petroleum products and minimize pollution, the study's findings have wider energy and environmental ramifications.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-10dac38c8b444a52bee7644659d3d879 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2790-573X 2790-5748 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development - iRASD |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-10dac38c8b444a52bee7644659d3d8792025-08-20T01:56:52ZengInternational Research Alliance for Sustainable Development - iRASDiRASD Journal of Energy & Environment2790-573X2790-57482024-12-015210.52131/jee.2024.0502.0047Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition EnginesSher Muhammad Ghoto0Ramez Raja1Sajjad Bhnagwar2Faisal Rehman3Abdullah Qazi4Habib Ahmed5Tooba Waseem6Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan Rapid urbanization worldwide is driving increased demand for petroleum products. Yet, crude oil reserves—finite, geographically concentrated resources—are insufficient to meet this rising need, especially in countries lacking substantial fossil fuel reserves. This situation underscores the urgency of shifting toward alternative energy sources before reserves are exhausted. This study conducted particulate matter emissions and endurance testing using diesel fuel mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The endurance test involved a single-cylinder, horizontal diesel engine, running for 60 hours without modifications. Two fuel samples were examined: D100 (pure diesel) as the baseline and D97Al?O? (97% diesel with 3% aluminum oxide nanoparticles). Engine performance metrics and sound pressure levels were recorded at a constant 1400 RPM, with variable loads from 0.0 to 1.6 Kg-m, incremented by 0.1 Kg-m. The load was set at 1.0 Kg-m for endurance testing with a constant 1400 RPM. Visual inspection of fuel injector tips helped analyze the deposition of aromatic compounds on injector surfaces for each fuel sample. Electron microscopy provided detailed insights into deposit formation, showing that carbon deposition was reduced by 22.22% when aluminum oxide was used as an additive further analysis of the particulate matter emissions the results shows that PM reduced by 12.08% in aluminum oxide compared to the diesel fuel. Because they aid in the creation of cleaner fuel technologies that can lessen reliance on traditional petroleum products and minimize pollution, the study's findings have wider energy and environmental ramifications. https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/jee/article/view/2509CI EngineDiesel FuelDispositionNanoparticlesParticulate Matter Emissions |
| spellingShingle | Sher Muhammad Ghoto Ramez Raja Sajjad Bhnagwar Faisal Rehman Abdullah Qazi Habib Ahmed Tooba Waseem Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment CI Engine Diesel Fuel Disposition Nanoparticles Particulate Matter Emissions |
| title | Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines |
| title_full | Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines |
| title_short | Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines |
| title_sort | effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on particulate emissions and carbon deposition in compression ignition engines |
| topic | CI Engine Diesel Fuel Disposition Nanoparticles Particulate Matter Emissions |
| url | https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/jee/article/view/2509 |
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