Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China

The transformation of degraded stands represents an essential strategy for enhancing stand productivity and optimizing site adaptability. This study examined four typical monoculture forest stands transformed from underperforming <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> (<i>PO</i>) fore...

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Main Authors: Yeqiao Wang, Haochuan Tu, Jingjing Zheng, Xiongjie Li, Guibin Wang, Jing Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1758
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author Yeqiao Wang
Haochuan Tu
Jingjing Zheng
Xiongjie Li
Guibin Wang
Jing Guo
author_facet Yeqiao Wang
Haochuan Tu
Jingjing Zheng
Xiongjie Li
Guibin Wang
Jing Guo
author_sort Yeqiao Wang
collection DOAJ
description The transformation of degraded stands represents an essential strategy for enhancing stand productivity and optimizing site adaptability. This study examined four typical monoculture forest stands transformed from underperforming <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> (<i>PO</i>) forests in the limestone area of Xuzhou, China: <i>Acer pictum subsp. mono</i> (<i>AP</i>), <i>Pistacia chinensis</i> (<i>PC</i>), <i>Ligustrum lucidum</i> (<i>LL</i>), and <i>Firmiana simplex</i> (<i>FS</i>). The contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), along with the C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, were analyzed in plants (leaves and fine roots), litter, and soil. The relationships among these components and their main influencing factors were explored. The results indicated that <i>FS</i> leaves contained higher levels of N and P, whereas <i>LL</i> litter presented significantly elevated C:N and N:P ratios in comparison with those of the other forest stands (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the exception of <i>FS</i>, leaves displayed lower P than fine roots, which presented pronounced P enrichment. The soil C, N, and P contents decreased with depth, with both the forest stand and depth significantly impacting the soil stoichiometry (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Redundancy analysis identified available potassium, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon in the soil as key factors influencing the stoichiometric characteristics of the leaf–fine root–litter continuum. Collectively, the leaf N:P ratios (>16) and low soil P contents indicate that plantation growth was primarily constrained by P limitation. In response, <i>AP</i>, <i>PC</i>, and <i>LL</i> allocate more P to fine roots to adapt to the environment.
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spelling doaj-art-10d5b9723d2a49e68c7eb5ff906ae8142025-08-20T02:21:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412175810.3390/plants14121758Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of ChinaYeqiao Wang0Haochuan Tu1Jingjing Zheng2Xiongjie Li3Guibin Wang4Jing Guo5State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe transformation of degraded stands represents an essential strategy for enhancing stand productivity and optimizing site adaptability. This study examined four typical monoculture forest stands transformed from underperforming <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> (<i>PO</i>) forests in the limestone area of Xuzhou, China: <i>Acer pictum subsp. mono</i> (<i>AP</i>), <i>Pistacia chinensis</i> (<i>PC</i>), <i>Ligustrum lucidum</i> (<i>LL</i>), and <i>Firmiana simplex</i> (<i>FS</i>). The contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), along with the C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, were analyzed in plants (leaves and fine roots), litter, and soil. The relationships among these components and their main influencing factors were explored. The results indicated that <i>FS</i> leaves contained higher levels of N and P, whereas <i>LL</i> litter presented significantly elevated C:N and N:P ratios in comparison with those of the other forest stands (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the exception of <i>FS</i>, leaves displayed lower P than fine roots, which presented pronounced P enrichment. The soil C, N, and P contents decreased with depth, with both the forest stand and depth significantly impacting the soil stoichiometry (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Redundancy analysis identified available potassium, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon in the soil as key factors influencing the stoichiometric characteristics of the leaf–fine root–litter continuum. Collectively, the leaf N:P ratios (>16) and low soil P contents indicate that plantation growth was primarily constrained by P limitation. In response, <i>AP</i>, <i>PC</i>, and <i>LL</i> allocate more P to fine roots to adapt to the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1758ecological stoichiometrylimestone regionnutrient limitationplant–litter–soil continuum
spellingShingle Yeqiao Wang
Haochuan Tu
Jingjing Zheng
Xiongjie Li
Guibin Wang
Jing Guo
Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
Plants
ecological stoichiometry
limestone region
nutrient limitation
plant–litter–soil continuum
title Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
title_full Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
title_fullStr Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
title_full_unstemmed Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
title_short Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
title_sort ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plant litter soil among different forest stands in a limestone region of china
topic ecological stoichiometry
limestone region
nutrient limitation
plant–litter–soil continuum
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1758
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AT xiongjieli ecologicalstoichiometriccharacteristicsofplantlittersoilamongdifferentforeststandsinalimestoneregionofchina
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