Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China
Gasoline vehicles (GVs) have become one of the main emission sources of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing, and determining the pollutant emission levels of in-use GVs is crucial. In this study, we assessed the emission levels, exceedance rates, and factors influencing primary air...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Environment: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000777 |
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| author | Yangyang Cui Yan Shen Lijun Zhu Huawei Yi Guanghan Huang Han Li Linzhen Qu Aijun Shi Yifeng Xue |
| author_facet | Yangyang Cui Yan Shen Lijun Zhu Huawei Yi Guanghan Huang Han Li Linzhen Qu Aijun Shi Yifeng Xue |
| author_sort | Yangyang Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gasoline vehicles (GVs) have become one of the main emission sources of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing, and determining the pollutant emission levels of in-use GVs is crucial. In this study, we assessed the emission levels, exceedance rates, and factors influencing primary air pollutants (NO, CO, and hydrocarbons (HCs) from GVs, including 7.46 million GVs in Beijing from 2019 to 2023. We predicted the variation in the exceedance rate after implementing the standard b-limit and assessed the social stability risk. In general, the emissions of GVs in Beijing were relatively low. According to the simple driving mode conditions, the CO, HC and NO concentrations in the top 50% of the cumulative probability distributions of emissions were 0.04%, 10.3 ppm and 77.0 ppm, respectively, which account for only 1/10∼1/8 of the standard a-limit values. However, we found that the pollutant concentrations corresponding to the top 10% and 90% of the cumulative probability distributions significantly differed. For example, the NO concentrations in the top 10% were 220 times greater than those in the top 90%, namely, approximately 36.5% greater than the standard limit. The greater risk of exceeding the standards was related to the occurrence of carbon deposits on the valves and cylinder heads of engines, of which medium-duty trucks (MDTs) exhibited the highest rate of exceeding the standards (34.5%) due to vehicle deterioration under high-intensity use. GVs exhibited the highest exceedance rate among all the vehicle types, at 38.7%, whereas China VI vehicles exhibited an exceedance rate of only 0.2%. If the more stringent standard b-limit were implemented, the number of vehicles exceeding the standard would increase, and the exceedance rate of GVs under the standard b-limit would be slightly greater than that under the a-limit. Overall, the exceedance rate showed a decreasing trend with increasing emission stage, with the proportion of the exceedance rate at the different emission stages also varying. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-10ae9b760b04468a965ed8d415284864 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1621 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-10ae9b760b04468a965ed8d4152848642025-08-20T02:06:43ZengElsevierAtmospheric Environment: X2590-16212025-01-012510031010.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100310Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, ChinaYangyang Cui0Yan Shen1Lijun Zhu2Huawei Yi3Guanghan Huang4Han Li5Linzhen Qu6Aijun Shi7Yifeng Xue8National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Vehicle Emission Management Affairs Centre, Beijing, China; Corresponding author.National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, China; Corresponding author.Gasoline vehicles (GVs) have become one of the main emission sources of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing, and determining the pollutant emission levels of in-use GVs is crucial. In this study, we assessed the emission levels, exceedance rates, and factors influencing primary air pollutants (NO, CO, and hydrocarbons (HCs) from GVs, including 7.46 million GVs in Beijing from 2019 to 2023. We predicted the variation in the exceedance rate after implementing the standard b-limit and assessed the social stability risk. In general, the emissions of GVs in Beijing were relatively low. According to the simple driving mode conditions, the CO, HC and NO concentrations in the top 50% of the cumulative probability distributions of emissions were 0.04%, 10.3 ppm and 77.0 ppm, respectively, which account for only 1/10∼1/8 of the standard a-limit values. However, we found that the pollutant concentrations corresponding to the top 10% and 90% of the cumulative probability distributions significantly differed. For example, the NO concentrations in the top 10% were 220 times greater than those in the top 90%, namely, approximately 36.5% greater than the standard limit. The greater risk of exceeding the standards was related to the occurrence of carbon deposits on the valves and cylinder heads of engines, of which medium-duty trucks (MDTs) exhibited the highest rate of exceeding the standards (34.5%) due to vehicle deterioration under high-intensity use. GVs exhibited the highest exceedance rate among all the vehicle types, at 38.7%, whereas China VI vehicles exhibited an exceedance rate of only 0.2%. If the more stringent standard b-limit were implemented, the number of vehicles exceeding the standard would increase, and the exceedance rate of GVs under the standard b-limit would be slightly greater than that under the a-limit. Overall, the exceedance rate showed a decreasing trend with increasing emission stage, with the proportion of the exceedance rate at the different emission stages also varying.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000777Gasoline vehiclesPollutant emissionsSimple driving modeTwo-speed idle conditionsInfluencing factors |
| spellingShingle | Yangyang Cui Yan Shen Lijun Zhu Huawei Yi Guanghan Huang Han Li Linzhen Qu Aijun Shi Yifeng Xue Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China Atmospheric Environment: X Gasoline vehicles Pollutant emissions Simple driving mode Two-speed idle conditions Influencing factors |
| title | Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China |
| title_full | Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China |
| title_short | Estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in-use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in Beijing, China |
| title_sort | estimation of the primary air pollutant emission levels of in use gasoline vehicles and their influencing factors in beijing china |
| topic | Gasoline vehicles Pollutant emissions Simple driving mode Two-speed idle conditions Influencing factors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000777 |
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