O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult CNS tumor. Increased understanding of glioma biology is needed for novel treatment strategies and maximization of current therapies. The action of the widely used antiglioma drug, temozolomide (TMZ), relies on its ability to methylat...

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Main Authors: Müge Sak, Brian J. Williams, Andrew J. Hey, Mayur Sharma, Leslie Schier, Megan J. Wilson, Mahatma Ortega, Alyssa I. Lara, Mikaela N. Brentlinger, Norman L. Lehman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1552015/full
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author Müge Sak
Müge Sak
Brian J. Williams
Brian J. Williams
Andrew J. Hey
Mayur Sharma
Leslie Schier
Megan J. Wilson
Mahatma Ortega
Alyssa I. Lara
Mikaela N. Brentlinger
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
author_facet Müge Sak
Müge Sak
Brian J. Williams
Brian J. Williams
Andrew J. Hey
Mayur Sharma
Leslie Schier
Megan J. Wilson
Mahatma Ortega
Alyssa I. Lara
Mikaela N. Brentlinger
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
author_sort Müge Sak
collection DOAJ
description Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult CNS tumor. Increased understanding of glioma biology is needed for novel treatment strategies and maximization of current therapies. The action of the widely used antiglioma drug, temozolomide (TMZ), relies on its ability to methylate DNA guanine bases leading to DNA double strand breaks and apoptosis. However, glioma cells capable of reversing guanine methylation via the repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are resistant to TMZ. GBMs exhibiting high MGMT expression, reflected by MGMT gene promoter hypomethylation, respond poorly to both chemo- and radiation therapy. To investigate possible non-canonical biological effects of MGMT and develop a tool to investigate drug sensitivity and resistance, we generated MGMT knockout (KO) U1242 GBM cells. MGMT KO U1242 cells showed substantially increased sensitivity to TMZ in vivo, and unlike wildtype U1242 cells, failed to form tumors in nude mouse brains. They also showed reduced growth in soft agar, as did wildtype U1242 and additional glioma cell lines in which MGMT expression was knocked down by siRNA. MGMT thus possesses cellular functions related to tumor cell engraftment and anchorage-independent growth beyond guanine methyltransferase repair. We additionally show that the combination of the AURKA inhibitor alisertib and carboplatin selectively induces apoptosis in high MGMT expressing wildtype U1242 cells versus MGMT KO U1242 cells and extends survival of mice orthotopically implanted with wildtype U1242 cells. This or other platinum-based drug combinations may represent a potentially effective treatment approach to chemotherapy for GBM with MGMT promoter hypomethylation.
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spelling doaj-art-10a3fa5bf96b474cb001da12ab1b42d62025-08-20T02:21:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022025-04-011910.3389/fncel.2025.15520151552015O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatmentMüge Sak0Müge Sak1Brian J. Williams2Brian J. Williams3Andrew J. Hey4Mayur Sharma5Leslie Schier6Megan J. Wilson7Mahatma Ortega8Alyssa I. Lara9Mikaela N. Brentlinger10Norman L. Lehman11Norman L. Lehman12Norman L. Lehman13Norman L. Lehman14Norman L. Lehman15Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesNeurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesBrown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesNeurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United StatesDepartments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United StatesDepartments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesBrown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United StatesGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult CNS tumor. Increased understanding of glioma biology is needed for novel treatment strategies and maximization of current therapies. The action of the widely used antiglioma drug, temozolomide (TMZ), relies on its ability to methylate DNA guanine bases leading to DNA double strand breaks and apoptosis. However, glioma cells capable of reversing guanine methylation via the repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are resistant to TMZ. GBMs exhibiting high MGMT expression, reflected by MGMT gene promoter hypomethylation, respond poorly to both chemo- and radiation therapy. To investigate possible non-canonical biological effects of MGMT and develop a tool to investigate drug sensitivity and resistance, we generated MGMT knockout (KO) U1242 GBM cells. MGMT KO U1242 cells showed substantially increased sensitivity to TMZ in vivo, and unlike wildtype U1242 cells, failed to form tumors in nude mouse brains. They also showed reduced growth in soft agar, as did wildtype U1242 and additional glioma cell lines in which MGMT expression was knocked down by siRNA. MGMT thus possesses cellular functions related to tumor cell engraftment and anchorage-independent growth beyond guanine methyltransferase repair. We additionally show that the combination of the AURKA inhibitor alisertib and carboplatin selectively induces apoptosis in high MGMT expressing wildtype U1242 cells versus MGMT KO U1242 cells and extends survival of mice orthotopically implanted with wildtype U1242 cells. This or other platinum-based drug combinations may represent a potentially effective treatment approach to chemotherapy for GBM with MGMT promoter hypomethylation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1552015/fullAurora A KinaseAURKAO6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferaseMGMTGBManchorage-independent growth
spellingShingle Müge Sak
Müge Sak
Brian J. Williams
Brian J. Williams
Andrew J. Hey
Mayur Sharma
Leslie Schier
Megan J. Wilson
Mahatma Ortega
Alyssa I. Lara
Mikaela N. Brentlinger
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
Norman L. Lehman
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Aurora A Kinase
AURKA
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase
MGMT
GBM
anchorage-independent growth
title O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
title_full O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
title_fullStr O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
title_full_unstemmed O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
title_short O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in U1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity, tumor implantation in vivo, and sensitivity to alisertib-carboplatin combination treatment
title_sort o6 methylguanine dna methyltransferase mgmt expression in u1242 glioblastoma cells enhances in vitro clonogenicity tumor implantation in vivo and sensitivity to alisertib carboplatin combination treatment
topic Aurora A Kinase
AURKA
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase
MGMT
GBM
anchorage-independent growth
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1552015/full
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