Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications

Abstract Intensive dairying has diminished infectious disease resistance in dairy cattle and increased the risk of disorders affecting milk quality and productive life. Development of novel health monitoring technologies, optimization of disease treatment protocols using novel biomarkers, and develo...

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Main Authors: Nan Wang, Boqi Zhang, Juan J. Loor, Chunjin Li, Xu Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01242-5
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author Nan Wang
Boqi Zhang
Juan J. Loor
Chunjin Li
Xu Zhou
author_facet Nan Wang
Boqi Zhang
Juan J. Loor
Chunjin Li
Xu Zhou
author_sort Nan Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Intensive dairying has diminished infectious disease resistance in dairy cattle and increased the risk of disorders affecting milk quality and productive life. Development of novel health monitoring technologies, optimization of disease treatment protocols using novel biomarkers, and development of antibiotic substitutes are necessary to further enhance the productivity of dairy cattle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of cellular communication and are essential for maintaining intracellular homeostasis and regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Establishing a network of mechanisms by which EVs regulate physiological processes in dairy cattle will contribute to the development of new technologies for early disease diagnosis and disease treatment. This review summarizes the molecular characterization and advances in the study of EVs in dairy cattle and focuses on the reported mechanisms of action. Prospects and limitations for the application of EVs in monitoring health status, disease treatment and assisted reproduction are discussed.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2049-1891
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
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series Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
spelling doaj-art-107c97f1c96f4bee9dab0dca9323d7af2025-08-20T03:43:10ZengBMCJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2049-18912025-08-0116112210.1186/s40104-025-01242-5Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applicationsNan Wang0Boqi Zhang1Juan J. Loor2Chunjin Li3Xu Zhou4College of Animal Sciences, Jilin UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin UniversityDepartment of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of IllinoisCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin UniversityAbstract Intensive dairying has diminished infectious disease resistance in dairy cattle and increased the risk of disorders affecting milk quality and productive life. Development of novel health monitoring technologies, optimization of disease treatment protocols using novel biomarkers, and development of antibiotic substitutes are necessary to further enhance the productivity of dairy cattle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of cellular communication and are essential for maintaining intracellular homeostasis and regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Establishing a network of mechanisms by which EVs regulate physiological processes in dairy cattle will contribute to the development of new technologies for early disease diagnosis and disease treatment. This review summarizes the molecular characterization and advances in the study of EVs in dairy cattle and focuses on the reported mechanisms of action. Prospects and limitations for the application of EVs in monitoring health status, disease treatment and assisted reproduction are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01242-5Extracellular vesiclesGastrointestinal tractImmunityMastitisMetabolism
spellingShingle Nan Wang
Boqi Zhang
Juan J. Loor
Chunjin Li
Xu Zhou
Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Extracellular vesicles
Gastrointestinal tract
Immunity
Mastitis
Metabolism
title Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
title_full Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
title_short Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications
title_sort extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle research progress and prospects for practical applications
topic Extracellular vesicles
Gastrointestinal tract
Immunity
Mastitis
Metabolism
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01242-5
work_keys_str_mv AT nanwang extracellularvesiclesindairycattleresearchprogressandprospectsforpracticalapplications
AT boqizhang extracellularvesiclesindairycattleresearchprogressandprospectsforpracticalapplications
AT juanjloor extracellularvesiclesindairycattleresearchprogressandprospectsforpracticalapplications
AT chunjinli extracellularvesiclesindairycattleresearchprogressandprospectsforpracticalapplications
AT xuzhou extracellularvesiclesindairycattleresearchprogressandprospectsforpracticalapplications