Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019
The article presents analysis of the snow pollution caused by flights of the Proton launch vehicles launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 2009–2019. Data on 1477 snow samples collected in areas in Central Kazakhstan, southeast of Western Siberia, and northeast of the Altai are summarized to asse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Nauka
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Лëд и снег |
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| Online Access: | https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/897 |
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| author | I. N. Semenkov A. V. Sharapova T. V. Koroleva G. V. Klink P. P. Krechetov S. A. Lednev |
| author_facet | I. N. Semenkov A. V. Sharapova T. V. Koroleva G. V. Klink P. P. Krechetov S. A. Lednev |
| author_sort | I. N. Semenkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article presents analysis of the snow pollution caused by flights of the Proton launch vehicles launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 2009–2019. Data on 1477 snow samples collected in areas in Central Kazakhstan, southeast of Western Siberia, and northeast of the Altai are summarized to assess the pollution. In the uninhabited areas in Central Kazakhstan, where rocket fuel is spilled, pollution of snow was detected at 18 fall sites at a distance of up to 10 m from the fragments of the stages. The background value of pH is estimated as 6.6±0.9. The following nitrogen-containing compounds (mg/l) were found in snow taken in the unpolluted territories of Central Kazakhstan: NO3 (2.3±3.4), NH4+ (0.75±0.98) and to a lesser extent NO2– (0.015±0.019); asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and nitrosodimethylamine were not detected. The chemical composition of snow in the fall areas of the second stage of the Proton launch vehicle is in a good agreement with the background level of nitrogen-containing substances of natural origin. There were no traces of the rocket fuel. Thus, in the snow on the KetskoTym plain (southeast of Western Siberia) and northeast of Altai, the background content of nitrogen-containing substances is equal, respectively (mg/l): NO3– (0.36±0.28 and 0.47±0.59); NH4+ (< 0.05 and 0.20±0.27); NO2– (0.048±0.016 and 0.027±0.073), which is determined by regional features and distance from sources of nitrogen-containing substances. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the areas of the rocket falls on the above territories are not an environmental hazard to the environment by the concentration of nitrogen-containing substances in the snow. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-105f8ceff86649499cc47417722fa7f0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-6734 2412-3765 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Nauka |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Лëд и снег |
| spelling | doaj-art-105f8ceff86649499cc47417722fa7f02025-08-20T03:00:45ZrusNaukaЛëд и снег2076-67342412-37652021-05-0161230131010.31857/S2076673421020090667Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019I. N. Semenkov0A. V. Sharapova1T. V. Koroleva2G. V. Klink3P. P. Krechetov4S. A. Lednev5Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLomonosov Moscow State UniversityInstitute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of SciencesLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLomonosov Moscow State UniversityThe article presents analysis of the snow pollution caused by flights of the Proton launch vehicles launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 2009–2019. Data on 1477 snow samples collected in areas in Central Kazakhstan, southeast of Western Siberia, and northeast of the Altai are summarized to assess the pollution. In the uninhabited areas in Central Kazakhstan, where rocket fuel is spilled, pollution of snow was detected at 18 fall sites at a distance of up to 10 m from the fragments of the stages. The background value of pH is estimated as 6.6±0.9. The following nitrogen-containing compounds (mg/l) were found in snow taken in the unpolluted territories of Central Kazakhstan: NO3 (2.3±3.4), NH4+ (0.75±0.98) and to a lesser extent NO2– (0.015±0.019); asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and nitrosodimethylamine were not detected. The chemical composition of snow in the fall areas of the second stage of the Proton launch vehicle is in a good agreement with the background level of nitrogen-containing substances of natural origin. There were no traces of the rocket fuel. Thus, in the snow on the KetskoTym plain (southeast of Western Siberia) and northeast of Altai, the background content of nitrogen-containing substances is equal, respectively (mg/l): NO3– (0.36±0.28 and 0.47±0.59); NH4+ (< 0.05 and 0.20±0.27); NO2– (0.048±0.016 and 0.027±0.073), which is determined by regional features and distance from sources of nitrogen-containing substances. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the areas of the rocket falls on the above territories are not an environmental hazard to the environment by the concentration of nitrogen-containing substances in the snow.https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/897geochemical assessmenttransportationsnowarid regionsammoniumnitratenitrite |
| spellingShingle | I. N. Semenkov A. V. Sharapova T. V. Koroleva G. V. Klink P. P. Krechetov S. A. Lednev Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 Лëд и снег geochemical assessment transportation snow arid regions ammonium nitrate nitrite |
| title | Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 |
| title_full | Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 |
| title_short | Nitrogen-containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the Proton launch vehicle stages in 2009–2019 |
| title_sort | nitrogen containing substances in the snow of the fall areas of the proton launch vehicle stages in 2009 2019 |
| topic | geochemical assessment transportation snow arid regions ammonium nitrate nitrite |
| url | https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/897 |
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