Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau

Desertification presents a significant ecological challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, posing a severe threat to regional ecological security and sustainable development. This study introduces an integrated framework for desertification vulnerability assessment, combining the MEDALUS model with...

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Main Authors: Maolin Li, Buyanbaatar Avirmed, Ganbold Bayanmunkh, Yilin Liu, Yu Wang, Xinyu Yang, Yu Zhang, Qiang Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/14/2389
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author Maolin Li
Buyanbaatar Avirmed
Ganbold Bayanmunkh
Yilin Liu
Yu Wang
Xinyu Yang
Yu Zhang
Qiang Yu
author_facet Maolin Li
Buyanbaatar Avirmed
Ganbold Bayanmunkh
Yilin Liu
Yu Wang
Xinyu Yang
Yu Zhang
Qiang Yu
author_sort Maolin Li
collection DOAJ
description Desertification presents a significant ecological challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, posing a severe threat to regional ecological security and sustainable development. This study introduces an integrated framework for desertification vulnerability assessment, combining the MEDALUS model with the XGBoost algorithm, to evaluate desertification dynamics across the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2020 and project future trends under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for 2030. The findings are as follows: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, desertification vulnerability was most pronounced in the southern and western regions of the plateau, with lower vulnerability observed in the northern and eastern areas. High-vulnerability zones expanded over time, highlighting the need for targeted and prioritized management efforts. (2) Climate factors—particularly temperature, wind speed, and precipitation—emerged as the dominant drivers of desertification, followed by soil characteristics and vegetation (NDVI). The influence of human activities on desertification became increasingly significant, stressing the need for improved land management and sustainable practices. (3) Future risks show that desertification vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau will intensify under high-emission scenarios (SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5), with significant expansion of high vulnerability areas. Lower-emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5) may reduce some impacts, but high vulnerability will persist, highlighting the need for urgent climate mitigation and adaptation efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-105efcc8dcdc4b41af9fd99cc32ac6d82025-08-20T02:47:10ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011714238910.3390/rs17142389Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian PlateauMaolin Li0Buyanbaatar Avirmed1Ganbold Bayanmunkh2Yilin Liu3Yu Wang4Xinyu Yang5Yu Zhang6Qiang Yu7College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 999097, MongoliaSchool of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 999097, MongoliaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDesertification presents a significant ecological challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, posing a severe threat to regional ecological security and sustainable development. This study introduces an integrated framework for desertification vulnerability assessment, combining the MEDALUS model with the XGBoost algorithm, to evaluate desertification dynamics across the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2020 and project future trends under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for 2030. The findings are as follows: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, desertification vulnerability was most pronounced in the southern and western regions of the plateau, with lower vulnerability observed in the northern and eastern areas. High-vulnerability zones expanded over time, highlighting the need for targeted and prioritized management efforts. (2) Climate factors—particularly temperature, wind speed, and precipitation—emerged as the dominant drivers of desertification, followed by soil characteristics and vegetation (NDVI). The influence of human activities on desertification became increasingly significant, stressing the need for improved land management and sustainable practices. (3) Future risks show that desertification vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau will intensify under high-emission scenarios (SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5), with significant expansion of high vulnerability areas. Lower-emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5) may reduce some impacts, but high vulnerability will persist, highlighting the need for urgent climate mitigation and adaptation efforts.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/14/2389desertificationMongolian PlateauMEDALUSXGBoost algorithm
spellingShingle Maolin Li
Buyanbaatar Avirmed
Ganbold Bayanmunkh
Yilin Liu
Yu Wang
Xinyu Yang
Yu Zhang
Qiang Yu
Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
Remote Sensing
desertification
Mongolian Plateau
MEDALUS
XGBoost algorithm
title Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
title_full Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
title_fullStr Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
title_short Unveiling Drivers and Projecting Future Risks of Desertification Vulnerability in the Mongolian Plateau
title_sort unveiling drivers and projecting future risks of desertification vulnerability in the mongolian plateau
topic desertification
Mongolian Plateau
MEDALUS
XGBoost algorithm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/14/2389
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