In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global challenge as bacteria evolve in response to antibiotic use, leading to prolonged hospitalizations, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. Cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, are commonly employed to manage infections;...

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Main Authors: Rayhan Chowdhury, Samia Akter Saima, Md. Al Amin, Md. Kawsar Habib, Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin, Ali Mohamod Wasaf Hasan, Roksana Khanam, Shahin Mahmud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687157X25000587
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author Rayhan Chowdhury
Samia Akter Saima
Md. Al Amin
Md. Kawsar Habib
Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin
Ali Mohamod Wasaf Hasan
Roksana Khanam
Shahin Mahmud
author_facet Rayhan Chowdhury
Samia Akter Saima
Md. Al Amin
Md. Kawsar Habib
Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin
Ali Mohamod Wasaf Hasan
Roksana Khanam
Shahin Mahmud
author_sort Rayhan Chowdhury
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global challenge as bacteria evolve in response to antibiotic use, leading to prolonged hospitalizations, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. Cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, are commonly employed to manage infections; however, their misuse and overuse have contributed to resistance development. In response, in silico methods have emerged as cost-effective and efficient tools for drug discovery. This research aims to predict new compounds using ligand-based pharmacophore models while optimizing existing drugs. We employed a de novo approach to synthesize models of cephalosporin structural motifs, integrating the β-lactam core with potential antibiotic candidates. A shared features pharmacophore (SFP) model was constructed using cephalosporins from PubChem, including cephalothin, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. The model comprises hydrogen bond acceptors, hydrogen bond donors, aromatic rings, hydrophobic regions, and negatively ionizable sites. Its robustness was evidenced by a goodness-of-hit (GH) score of 0.739. The generated pharmacophore model, with a score of 0.9268, was utilized to screen a drug library, initially assessing 19 compounds. After the drug-likeness screening, seven promising compounds were identified. These candidates were then fused with the cephalosporin core using genetic algorithms and fragment-based design, resulting in 30 novel synthetic models. Most of these models demonstrated a cephalosporin core, over 70 % average similarity, a TPSA (NO) ≤ 99.85 Å2, a drug-likeness (QED) ≥ 0.6, and a Synthetic Accessibility Score (SAScore) ≤ 4.3. Molecular docking and MD simulation evaluations highlighted two candidates—Molecule 23 and Molecule 5, demonstrating superior binding affinities to Penicillin-binding protein 1a (PDB ID: 2V2F) compared to controls. To ensure feasible synthesis, molecular architecture comparison and computational retrosynthesis were performed, confirming the likelihood of successful laboratory synthesis. These findings advance the fight against antimicrobial resistance by establishing a method for designing new, highly effective antibiotic drugs.
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spelling doaj-art-10589c729a554f1c9860bdf0af655c202025-08-24T05:11:43ZengElsevierJournal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology1687-157X2025-09-0123310051410.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100514In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular designRayhan Chowdhury0Samia Akter Saima1Md. Al Amin2Md. Kawsar Habib3Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin4Ali Mohamod Wasaf Hasan5Roksana Khanam6Shahin Mahmud7Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global challenge as bacteria evolve in response to antibiotic use, leading to prolonged hospitalizations, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. Cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, are commonly employed to manage infections; however, their misuse and overuse have contributed to resistance development. In response, in silico methods have emerged as cost-effective and efficient tools for drug discovery. This research aims to predict new compounds using ligand-based pharmacophore models while optimizing existing drugs. We employed a de novo approach to synthesize models of cephalosporin structural motifs, integrating the β-lactam core with potential antibiotic candidates. A shared features pharmacophore (SFP) model was constructed using cephalosporins from PubChem, including cephalothin, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. The model comprises hydrogen bond acceptors, hydrogen bond donors, aromatic rings, hydrophobic regions, and negatively ionizable sites. Its robustness was evidenced by a goodness-of-hit (GH) score of 0.739. The generated pharmacophore model, with a score of 0.9268, was utilized to screen a drug library, initially assessing 19 compounds. After the drug-likeness screening, seven promising compounds were identified. These candidates were then fused with the cephalosporin core using genetic algorithms and fragment-based design, resulting in 30 novel synthetic models. Most of these models demonstrated a cephalosporin core, over 70 % average similarity, a TPSA (NO) ≤ 99.85 Å2, a drug-likeness (QED) ≥ 0.6, and a Synthetic Accessibility Score (SAScore) ≤ 4.3. Molecular docking and MD simulation evaluations highlighted two candidates—Molecule 23 and Molecule 5, demonstrating superior binding affinities to Penicillin-binding protein 1a (PDB ID: 2V2F) compared to controls. To ensure feasible synthesis, molecular architecture comparison and computational retrosynthesis were performed, confirming the likelihood of successful laboratory synthesis. These findings advance the fight against antimicrobial resistance by establishing a method for designing new, highly effective antibiotic drugs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687157X25000587Ligand-based pharmacophore modelingGH ScoreCephalosporin core ringStructural fragment conjugationSAScoreRetrosynthesis
spellingShingle Rayhan Chowdhury
Samia Akter Saima
Md. Al Amin
Md. Kawsar Habib
Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin
Ali Mohamod Wasaf Hasan
Roksana Khanam
Shahin Mahmud
In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling
GH Score
Cephalosporin core ring
Structural fragment conjugation
SAScore
Retrosynthesis
title In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
title_full In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
title_fullStr In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
title_full_unstemmed In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
title_short In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
title_sort in silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design
topic Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling
GH Score
Cephalosporin core ring
Structural fragment conjugation
SAScore
Retrosynthesis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687157X25000587
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