Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has emerged as a significant area of research in the field of radiotherapy in recent years. This innovative technology delivers ultra-high dose rate radiation in a very short time, effectively damaging tumor cells while minimizing the impact on surrounding normal tissue...

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Main Authors: Luyan Tao, Song Feng, Yiwei Yang, Bo Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Physics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1576227/full
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author Luyan Tao
Song Feng
Yiwei Yang
Bo Zheng
author_facet Luyan Tao
Song Feng
Yiwei Yang
Bo Zheng
author_sort Luyan Tao
collection DOAJ
description FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has emerged as a significant area of research in the field of radiotherapy in recent years. This innovative technology delivers ultra-high dose rate radiation in a very short time, effectively damaging tumor cells while minimizing the impact on surrounding normal tissues. Currently, the beams that have been proven to achieve the FLASH effect include electrons, protons, and photons. X-ray FLASH-RT exhibits enhanced penetration capabilities and superior cost-effectiveness. However, the detectors currently used for X-ray FLASH-RT dose rate measurement generally exhibit saturation effects and a limited dose linear response range. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the primary devices used to generate ultra-high dose rate X-rays. Additionally, we classify and describe the reported detectors for monitoring the high-dose rate in X-ray FLASH-RT according to three main types: gaseous detectors, scintillators, and semiconductors. This offers researchers valuable insights and a solid reference for selecting and optimizing detectors to achieve more precise and reliable high-dose rate X-ray measurements in X-ray FLASH-RT. Additionally, it provides significant support for the further development and clinical implementation of FLASH-RT technology.
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spelling doaj-art-1056258feb16472bb5c229a5f3a9ed132025-08-20T03:10:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2025-05-011310.3389/fphy.2025.15762271576227Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short reviewLuyan Tao0Song Feng1Yiwei Yang2Bo Zheng3School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaInstitute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaFLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has emerged as a significant area of research in the field of radiotherapy in recent years. This innovative technology delivers ultra-high dose rate radiation in a very short time, effectively damaging tumor cells while minimizing the impact on surrounding normal tissues. Currently, the beams that have been proven to achieve the FLASH effect include electrons, protons, and photons. X-ray FLASH-RT exhibits enhanced penetration capabilities and superior cost-effectiveness. However, the detectors currently used for X-ray FLASH-RT dose rate measurement generally exhibit saturation effects and a limited dose linear response range. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the primary devices used to generate ultra-high dose rate X-rays. Additionally, we classify and describe the reported detectors for monitoring the high-dose rate in X-ray FLASH-RT according to three main types: gaseous detectors, scintillators, and semiconductors. This offers researchers valuable insights and a solid reference for selecting and optimizing detectors to achieve more precise and reliable high-dose rate X-ray measurements in X-ray FLASH-RT. Additionally, it provides significant support for the further development and clinical implementation of FLASH-RT technology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1576227/fullFLASH-RTx-raydosimetrygaseous detectorsscintillatorssemiconductors
spellingShingle Luyan Tao
Song Feng
Yiwei Yang
Bo Zheng
Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
Frontiers in Physics
FLASH-RT
x-ray
dosimetry
gaseous detectors
scintillators
semiconductors
title Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
title_full Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
title_fullStr Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
title_full_unstemmed Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
title_short Dosimetry characteristics of ultra-high dose rate X-ray: a short review
title_sort dosimetry characteristics of ultra high dose rate x ray a short review
topic FLASH-RT
x-ray
dosimetry
gaseous detectors
scintillators
semiconductors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1576227/full
work_keys_str_mv AT luyantao dosimetrycharacteristicsofultrahighdoseratexrayashortreview
AT songfeng dosimetrycharacteristicsofultrahighdoseratexrayashortreview
AT yiweiyang dosimetrycharacteristicsofultrahighdoseratexrayashortreview
AT bozheng dosimetrycharacteristicsofultrahighdoseratexrayashortreview