Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation

Abstract Many behavioral responses to climate change are carbon-intensive, raising concerns that adaptation may cause additional warming. The sign and magnitude of this feedback depend on how increased emissions from cooling balance against reduced emissions from heating across space and time. We pr...

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Main Authors: Alexander C. Abajian, Tamma Carleton, Kyle C. Meng, Olivier Deschênes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59201-7
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author Alexander C. Abajian
Tamma Carleton
Kyle C. Meng
Olivier Deschênes
author_facet Alexander C. Abajian
Tamma Carleton
Kyle C. Meng
Olivier Deschênes
author_sort Alexander C. Abajian
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Many behavioral responses to climate change are carbon-intensive, raising concerns that adaptation may cause additional warming. The sign and magnitude of this feedback depend on how increased emissions from cooling balance against reduced emissions from heating across space and time. We present an empirical approach that forecasts the effect of future adaptive energy use on global average temperature over the 21st century. We estimate that energy-based adaptation will lower global mean surface temperature in 2099 by 0.07 to 0.12 °C relative to baseline projections under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. This cooling avoids 0.6 to 1.8 trillion U.S. Dollars ($2019) in damages, depending on the baseline emissions scenario. Energy-based adaptation lowers business-as-usual emissions for 85% of countries, reducing the mitigation required to meet their unilateral Nationally Determined Contributions by 20% on average. These findings indicate that while business-as-usual adaptive energy use is unlikely to accelerate warming, it raises important implications for countries’ existing mitigation commitments.
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spelling doaj-art-104992c2b7f9443e8c0cb28343a54ef62025-08-20T02:28:41ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111510.1038/s41467-025-59201-7Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptationAlexander C. Abajian0Tamma Carleton1Kyle C. Meng2Olivier Deschênes3Department of Economics, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Economics, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Economics, University of CaliforniaAbstract Many behavioral responses to climate change are carbon-intensive, raising concerns that adaptation may cause additional warming. The sign and magnitude of this feedback depend on how increased emissions from cooling balance against reduced emissions from heating across space and time. We present an empirical approach that forecasts the effect of future adaptive energy use on global average temperature over the 21st century. We estimate that energy-based adaptation will lower global mean surface temperature in 2099 by 0.07 to 0.12 °C relative to baseline projections under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. This cooling avoids 0.6 to 1.8 trillion U.S. Dollars ($2019) in damages, depending on the baseline emissions scenario. Energy-based adaptation lowers business-as-usual emissions for 85% of countries, reducing the mitigation required to meet their unilateral Nationally Determined Contributions by 20% on average. These findings indicate that while business-as-usual adaptive energy use is unlikely to accelerate warming, it raises important implications for countries’ existing mitigation commitments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59201-7
spellingShingle Alexander C. Abajian
Tamma Carleton
Kyle C. Meng
Olivier Deschênes
Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
Nature Communications
title Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
title_full Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
title_fullStr Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
title_short Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
title_sort quantifying the global climate feedback from energy based adaptation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59201-7
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