Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study
Abstract Background Although the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines is available, vaccine hesitancy among the public may have peaked due to the surge in infections caused by the Omicron variant. To improve coverage of the second booster dose, it is crucial to investigate the prevalence of vacc...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21691-x |
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| author | Xin Liu You Xin Ling Zhang Yijin Wu Shu Jing Zhenwei Dai Tianrui Ren Xiaoyang Liu Jiaqi Fu Xu Chen Weijun Xiao Hao Wang Yiman Huang Wenjun Wang Xiaofen Gu Li Ma Shaokai Zhang Yanqin Yu Li Li Tianzuo Gao Tianyou Zhao Yimin Qu Xinyan Liu Xiaoyou Su Youlin Qiao |
| author_facet | Xin Liu You Xin Ling Zhang Yijin Wu Shu Jing Zhenwei Dai Tianrui Ren Xiaoyang Liu Jiaqi Fu Xu Chen Weijun Xiao Hao Wang Yiman Huang Wenjun Wang Xiaofen Gu Li Ma Shaokai Zhang Yanqin Yu Li Li Tianzuo Gao Tianyou Zhao Yimin Qu Xinyan Liu Xiaoyou Su Youlin Qiao |
| author_sort | Xin Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines is available, vaccine hesitancy among the public may have peaked due to the surge in infections caused by the Omicron variant. To improve coverage of the second booster dose, it is crucial to investigate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among the general population during this period and explore the reasons for this phenomenon. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 5 to February 9, 2023. Variables including sociodemographics, mental health, COVID-19 infection status, COVID-19 vaccination status, and vaccine hesitancy were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with the hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population. Results Among the 10,623 participants, the uptake rate of the second booster dose was 4.3%. Among those who did not receive the second booster dose, 43.6% expressed vaccine hesitancy. The highest hesitancy rate was observed among participants who had not completed primary immunization (71.4%), followed by those with chronic diseases (48.6%) and those aged 60 and above (33.2%). The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was higher among females, participants with high incomes, those with a history of COVID-19 infection, those with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those with adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination. Conversely, lower hesitancy was observed among students, participants aged 60 and above, those from southern China, and those with higher level of perceived social support. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains prevalent among the general population in China after the surge period of the pandemic. Crucial steps, such as raising public awareness of the benefits and potential side effects of regular COVID-19 vaccination, ensuring timely monitoring and disclosure of pandemic information, and implementing targeted measures to improve social support and mental health, should be taken. These efforts will be instrumental in reducing vaccine hesitancy, advancing vaccination campaigns, and effectively preparing for the potential future outbreaks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-103e6907fd504af18d019421357d1f0b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-103e6907fd504af18d019421357d1f0b2025-02-09T12:57:45ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-02-0125111410.1186/s12889-025-21691-xUptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national studyXin Liu0You Xin1Ling Zhang2Yijin Wu3Shu Jing4Zhenwei Dai5Tianrui Ren6Xiaoyang Liu7Jiaqi Fu8Xu Chen9Weijun Xiao10Hao Wang11Yiman Huang12Wenjun Wang13Xiaofen Gu14Li Ma15Shaokai Zhang16Yanqin Yu17Li Li18Tianzuo Gao19Tianyou Zhao20Yimin Qu21Xinyan Liu22Xiaoyou Su23Youlin Qiao24School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Nursing, Jining Medical UniversityAffiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityPublic Health School, Dalian Medical UniversityHenan Cancer Hospital, Affiliate Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical CollegeDepartment of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityUniversity of RochesterTrinity CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeAbstract Background Although the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines is available, vaccine hesitancy among the public may have peaked due to the surge in infections caused by the Omicron variant. To improve coverage of the second booster dose, it is crucial to investigate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among the general population during this period and explore the reasons for this phenomenon. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 5 to February 9, 2023. Variables including sociodemographics, mental health, COVID-19 infection status, COVID-19 vaccination status, and vaccine hesitancy were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with the hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population. Results Among the 10,623 participants, the uptake rate of the second booster dose was 4.3%. Among those who did not receive the second booster dose, 43.6% expressed vaccine hesitancy. The highest hesitancy rate was observed among participants who had not completed primary immunization (71.4%), followed by those with chronic diseases (48.6%) and those aged 60 and above (33.2%). The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was higher among females, participants with high incomes, those with a history of COVID-19 infection, those with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those with adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination. Conversely, lower hesitancy was observed among students, participants aged 60 and above, those from southern China, and those with higher level of perceived social support. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains prevalent among the general population in China after the surge period of the pandemic. Crucial steps, such as raising public awareness of the benefits and potential side effects of regular COVID-19 vaccination, ensuring timely monitoring and disclosure of pandemic information, and implementing targeted measures to improve social support and mental health, should be taken. These efforts will be instrumental in reducing vaccine hesitancy, advancing vaccination campaigns, and effectively preparing for the potential future outbreaks.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21691-xCOVID-19Vaccine hesitancySecond booster doseGeneral population |
| spellingShingle | Xin Liu You Xin Ling Zhang Yijin Wu Shu Jing Zhenwei Dai Tianrui Ren Xiaoyang Liu Jiaqi Fu Xu Chen Weijun Xiao Hao Wang Yiman Huang Wenjun Wang Xiaofen Gu Li Ma Shaokai Zhang Yanqin Yu Li Li Tianzuo Gao Tianyou Zhao Yimin Qu Xinyan Liu Xiaoyou Su Youlin Qiao Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study BMC Public Health COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy Second booster dose General population |
| title | Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study |
| title_full | Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study |
| title_fullStr | Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study |
| title_short | Uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in China after the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale national study |
| title_sort | uptake and hesitancy of the second booster dose of covid 19 vaccine among the general population in china after the surge period of the covid 19 pandemic a large scale national study |
| topic | COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy Second booster dose General population |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21691-x |
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