Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants
Background: Epidemiological studies demonstrate that exposure to tobacco causes infertility. A reference cigarette contains up to 47 chemicals above the quantification level, of which acrylamide, benzopyrene, cadmium, ethylene oxide and lead are classified as known (category 1A), presumed (category...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/234 |
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| author | Carmen Estevan Gabriela A. Báez-Barroso Eugenio Vilanova Miguel A. Sogorb |
| author_facet | Carmen Estevan Gabriela A. Báez-Barroso Eugenio Vilanova Miguel A. Sogorb |
| author_sort | Carmen Estevan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Epidemiological studies demonstrate that exposure to tobacco causes infertility. A reference cigarette contains up to 47 chemicals above the quantification level, of which acrylamide, benzopyrene, cadmium, ethylene oxide and lead are classified as known (category 1A), presumed (category 1B) or suspected (category 2) human reproductive toxicants due to their effects on fertility and sexual function. Methods: We collected toxicological information on these substances to establish their respective systemic-derived no-effect levels (internal doses predicted not to alter fertility). We also estimated the systemic exposure to these four substances by smokers consuming 20 cigarettes per day. Results: The risks (ratios between exposure and safe dose) were 0.23, 0.06, 0.18, 0.01 and 0.00002 for acrylamide, benzopyrene, cadmium, ethylene oxide and lead, respectively. The combined risk was 0.48. Conclusions: It was concluded that the changes in fertility resulting from the consumption of the substances in tobacco classified as toxic to fertility could not be explained by mechanisms with a toxicity threshold attributable to these five substances. No safe dose could be derived for tobacco use in persons seeking pregnancy; this applied to both active and passive smokers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-103dfa217e24441b8b3b5947f13cfba5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-103dfa217e24441b8b3b5947f13cfba52025-08-20T02:25:04ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-03-0113423410.3390/toxics13040234Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as ReprotoxicantsCarmen Estevan0Gabriela A. Báez-Barroso1Eugenio Vilanova2Miguel A. Sogorb3Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, SpainBackground: Epidemiological studies demonstrate that exposure to tobacco causes infertility. A reference cigarette contains up to 47 chemicals above the quantification level, of which acrylamide, benzopyrene, cadmium, ethylene oxide and lead are classified as known (category 1A), presumed (category 1B) or suspected (category 2) human reproductive toxicants due to their effects on fertility and sexual function. Methods: We collected toxicological information on these substances to establish their respective systemic-derived no-effect levels (internal doses predicted not to alter fertility). We also estimated the systemic exposure to these four substances by smokers consuming 20 cigarettes per day. Results: The risks (ratios between exposure and safe dose) were 0.23, 0.06, 0.18, 0.01 and 0.00002 for acrylamide, benzopyrene, cadmium, ethylene oxide and lead, respectively. The combined risk was 0.48. Conclusions: It was concluded that the changes in fertility resulting from the consumption of the substances in tobacco classified as toxic to fertility could not be explained by mechanisms with a toxicity threshold attributable to these five substances. No safe dose could be derived for tobacco use in persons seeking pregnancy; this applied to both active and passive smokers.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/234risk assessmentinfertilitytobaccosmokingderived no effect level (DNEL)NOAEL |
| spellingShingle | Carmen Estevan Gabriela A. Báez-Barroso Eugenio Vilanova Miguel A. Sogorb Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants Toxics risk assessment infertility tobacco smoking derived no effect level (DNEL) NOAEL |
| title | Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants |
| title_full | Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants |
| title_fullStr | Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants |
| title_short | Risk Assessment of Impairment of Fertility Due to Exposure to Tobacco Constituents Classified as Reprotoxicants |
| title_sort | risk assessment of impairment of fertility due to exposure to tobacco constituents classified as reprotoxicants |
| topic | risk assessment infertility tobacco smoking derived no effect level (DNEL) NOAEL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/234 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carmenestevan riskassessmentofimpairmentoffertilityduetoexposuretotobaccoconstituentsclassifiedasreprotoxicants AT gabrielaabaezbarroso riskassessmentofimpairmentoffertilityduetoexposuretotobaccoconstituentsclassifiedasreprotoxicants AT eugeniovilanova riskassessmentofimpairmentoffertilityduetoexposuretotobaccoconstituentsclassifiedasreprotoxicants AT miguelasogorb riskassessmentofimpairmentoffertilityduetoexposuretotobaccoconstituentsclassifiedasreprotoxicants |