Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants

<p>We use satellite observations of carbon monoxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO</span>) to estimate <span class="inline-formula">CO</span> emissions from European integrated iron and steel plants, the continent's highest-emitting <span c...

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Main Authors: G. Leguijt, J. D. Maasakkers, H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, A. J. Segers, T. Borsdorff, I. R. van der Velde, I. Aben
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/555/2025/acp-25-555-2025.pdf
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author G. Leguijt
G. Leguijt
J. D. Maasakkers
H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
A. J. Segers
T. Borsdorff
I. R. van der Velde
I. R. van der Velde
I. Aben
I. Aben
author_facet G. Leguijt
G. Leguijt
J. D. Maasakkers
H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
A. J. Segers
T. Borsdorff
I. R. van der Velde
I. R. van der Velde
I. Aben
I. Aben
author_sort G. Leguijt
collection DOAJ
description <p>We use satellite observations of carbon monoxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO</span>) to estimate <span class="inline-formula">CO</span> emissions from European integrated iron and steel plants, the continent's highest-emitting <span class="inline-formula">CO</span> point sources. We perform analytical inversions to estimate emissions from 21 individual plants using observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for 2019. As prior emissions, we use values reported by the facilities to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). These reported emissions vary in estimation methodology, including both measurements and calculations. With the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we perform an ensemble of simulations with different transport settings to best replicate the observed emission plumes for each day and site. Comparing the inversion-based emission estimates to the E-PRTR reports, nine of the plants agree within uncertainties. For the remaining plants, we generally find lower emission rates than reported. Our posterior emission estimates are well constrained by the satellite observations (90 % of the plants have averaging kernel sensitivities above 0.7) except for a few low-emitting or coastal sites. We find agreement between our inversion results and emissions we estimate using the cross-sectional flux (CSF) method for the seven most strongly emitting plants, building further confidence in the inversion estimates. Finally, for four plants with large year-to-year variability in reported emission rates or large differences between the reported emission rate and our posterior estimate, we extend our analysis to 2020. We find no evidence in either the observed carbon monoxide concentrations or our inversion results for strong changes in emission rates. This demonstrates how satellites can be used to identify potential uncertainties in reported emissions.</p>
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1680-7316
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spelling doaj-art-103a46ce31be42b4bbd0457cad034baa2025-01-21T08:00:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242025-01-012555557410.5194/acp-25-555-2025Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plantsG. Leguijt0G. Leguijt1J. D. Maasakkers2H. A. C. Denier van der Gon3A. J. Segers4T. Borsdorff5I. R. van der Velde6I. R. van der Velde7I. Aben8I. Aben9SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Air Quality and Emissions Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Air Quality and Emissions Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Air Quality and Emissions Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the NetherlandsSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands<p>We use satellite observations of carbon monoxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO</span>) to estimate <span class="inline-formula">CO</span> emissions from European integrated iron and steel plants, the continent's highest-emitting <span class="inline-formula">CO</span> point sources. We perform analytical inversions to estimate emissions from 21 individual plants using observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for 2019. As prior emissions, we use values reported by the facilities to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). These reported emissions vary in estimation methodology, including both measurements and calculations. With the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we perform an ensemble of simulations with different transport settings to best replicate the observed emission plumes for each day and site. Comparing the inversion-based emission estimates to the E-PRTR reports, nine of the plants agree within uncertainties. For the remaining plants, we generally find lower emission rates than reported. Our posterior emission estimates are well constrained by the satellite observations (90 % of the plants have averaging kernel sensitivities above 0.7) except for a few low-emitting or coastal sites. We find agreement between our inversion results and emissions we estimate using the cross-sectional flux (CSF) method for the seven most strongly emitting plants, building further confidence in the inversion estimates. Finally, for four plants with large year-to-year variability in reported emission rates or large differences between the reported emission rate and our posterior estimate, we extend our analysis to 2020. We find no evidence in either the observed carbon monoxide concentrations or our inversion results for strong changes in emission rates. This demonstrates how satellites can be used to identify potential uncertainties in reported emissions.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/555/2025/acp-25-555-2025.pdf
spellingShingle G. Leguijt
G. Leguijt
J. D. Maasakkers
H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
A. J. Segers
T. Borsdorff
I. R. van der Velde
I. R. van der Velde
I. Aben
I. Aben
Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
title Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
title_full Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
title_fullStr Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
title_full_unstemmed Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
title_short Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
title_sort comparing space based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for europe s iron and steel plants
url https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/555/2025/acp-25-555-2025.pdf
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