A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that inadequate dietary fiber intake, termed the “fiber gap,” is linked to disease states through disruption of the gut microbiota. Despite this, our understanding of how various fiber structures influence the microbiota and health is limited by the lack of diverse...

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Main Authors: Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez, Katharine M. Ng, Riley A. Drexler, Alexandria M. S. Conner, Cory G. Vierra, Nithya Krishnakumar, Hannah M. Gerber, Zachary R. Taylor, Jenna L. Treon, Megan Ellis, Jada K. A. Garcia, James P. Cerney, David G. Chapin, Robnet T. Kerns, Angela M. Marcobal, Steven M. Watkins, Matthew J. Amicucci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-05-01
Series:mBio
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00470-25
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author Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez
Katharine M. Ng
Riley A. Drexler
Alexandria M. S. Conner
Cory G. Vierra
Nithya Krishnakumar
Hannah M. Gerber
Zachary R. Taylor
Jenna L. Treon
Megan Ellis
Jada K. A. Garcia
James P. Cerney
David G. Chapin
Robnet T. Kerns
Angela M. Marcobal
Steven M. Watkins
Matthew J. Amicucci
author_facet Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez
Katharine M. Ng
Riley A. Drexler
Alexandria M. S. Conner
Cory G. Vierra
Nithya Krishnakumar
Hannah M. Gerber
Zachary R. Taylor
Jenna L. Treon
Megan Ellis
Jada K. A. Garcia
James P. Cerney
David G. Chapin
Robnet T. Kerns
Angela M. Marcobal
Steven M. Watkins
Matthew J. Amicucci
author_sort Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that inadequate dietary fiber intake, termed the “fiber gap,” is linked to disease states through disruption of the gut microbiota. Despite this, our understanding of how various fiber structures influence the microbiota and health is limited by the lack of diverse commercially available fibers. Studies have primarily focused on a limited range of fibers, rather than the diverse array of fibers representative of those commonly found in our diets. In this study, we aimed to investigate how naturally derived fibers impact the human microbiota and their metabolic products. We performed a comprehensive structural characterization and functional evaluation of a unique and highly diverse set of new, highly soluble fibers with varied monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkages, and polymer lengths. Using an ex vivo high-throughput human microbiota platform coupled with metabolomic profiling, we demonstrate that these diverse fibers drive distinct and consistent microbial and metabolic profiles across cohorts of donors in a structure-dependent manner. These metabolic effects were accompanied by both general and donor-specific changes in microbial taxa. Finally, we demonstrate that integrating detailed glycomic characterization with microbial and metabolomic data allowed for prediction of functional outcomes driven by a novel material, pineapple pulp fiber. This work highlights the potential for targeted dietary fiber interventions to modulate the microbiota and improve health outcomes, paving the way for the development of new fiber-rich products with specific health benefits.IMPORTANCEFiber deficiency is associated with numerous disease states, many of which are linked to disruption of the gut microbiota. This study encompasses the first systematic and comprehensive characterization of a diverse collection of naturally derived solubilized fibers and their impacts on the microbiota. The results expand our understanding of the beneficial effects of specific carbohydrate structures naturally found in the human diet, highlighting the potential for designing fiber-based health interventions. The high solubility of these fibers increases both the range of products they can be incorporated in as well as their assayability in experiments, enabling a widespread increase in fiber consumption and positive health impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-10352cd28bb84aa0b33f66a52a2cfe632025-08-20T02:25:01ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112025-05-0116510.1128/mbio.00470-25A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiotaMaria X. Maldonado-Gomez0Katharine M. Ng1Riley A. Drexler2Alexandria M. S. Conner3Cory G. Vierra4Nithya Krishnakumar5Hannah M. Gerber6Zachary R. Taylor7Jenna L. Treon8Megan Ellis9Jada K. A. Garcia10James P. Cerney11David G. Chapin12Robnet T. Kerns13Angela M. Marcobal14Steven M. Watkins15Matthew J. Amicucci16One Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAOne Bio Inc., Sacramento, California, USAABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that inadequate dietary fiber intake, termed the “fiber gap,” is linked to disease states through disruption of the gut microbiota. Despite this, our understanding of how various fiber structures influence the microbiota and health is limited by the lack of diverse commercially available fibers. Studies have primarily focused on a limited range of fibers, rather than the diverse array of fibers representative of those commonly found in our diets. In this study, we aimed to investigate how naturally derived fibers impact the human microbiota and their metabolic products. We performed a comprehensive structural characterization and functional evaluation of a unique and highly diverse set of new, highly soluble fibers with varied monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkages, and polymer lengths. Using an ex vivo high-throughput human microbiota platform coupled with metabolomic profiling, we demonstrate that these diverse fibers drive distinct and consistent microbial and metabolic profiles across cohorts of donors in a structure-dependent manner. These metabolic effects were accompanied by both general and donor-specific changes in microbial taxa. Finally, we demonstrate that integrating detailed glycomic characterization with microbial and metabolomic data allowed for prediction of functional outcomes driven by a novel material, pineapple pulp fiber. This work highlights the potential for targeted dietary fiber interventions to modulate the microbiota and improve health outcomes, paving the way for the development of new fiber-rich products with specific health benefits.IMPORTANCEFiber deficiency is associated with numerous disease states, many of which are linked to disruption of the gut microbiota. This study encompasses the first systematic and comprehensive characterization of a diverse collection of naturally derived solubilized fibers and their impacts on the microbiota. The results expand our understanding of the beneficial effects of specific carbohydrate structures naturally found in the human diet, highlighting the potential for designing fiber-based health interventions. The high solubility of these fibers increases both the range of products they can be incorporated in as well as their assayability in experiments, enabling a widespread increase in fiber consumption and positive health impacts.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00470-25gut microbiotadietary fibercarbohydratehuman microbiotashort-chain fatty acidsoligosaccharides
spellingShingle Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez
Katharine M. Ng
Riley A. Drexler
Alexandria M. S. Conner
Cory G. Vierra
Nithya Krishnakumar
Hannah M. Gerber
Zachary R. Taylor
Jenna L. Treon
Megan Ellis
Jada K. A. Garcia
James P. Cerney
David G. Chapin
Robnet T. Kerns
Angela M. Marcobal
Steven M. Watkins
Matthew J. Amicucci
A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
mBio
gut microbiota
dietary fiber
carbohydrate
human microbiota
short-chain fatty acids
oligosaccharides
title A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
title_full A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
title_fullStr A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
title_full_unstemmed A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
title_short A diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure-dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
title_sort diverse set of solubilized natural fibers drives structure dependent metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota
topic gut microbiota
dietary fiber
carbohydrate
human microbiota
short-chain fatty acids
oligosaccharides
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00470-25
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