Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic
Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach the magnitude of 1894-plague (12 million deaths) and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 million deaths...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291 |
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| author | Kelvin Kai-Wang To Siddharth Sridhar Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Derek Ling-Lung Hung Xin Li Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Anthony Raymond Tam Tom Wai-Hin Chung Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Anna Jian-Xia Zhang Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_facet | Kelvin Kai-Wang To Siddharth Sridhar Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Derek Ling-Lung Hung Xin Li Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Anthony Raymond Tam Tom Wai-Hin Chung Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Anna Jian-Xia Zhang Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_sort | Kelvin Kai-Wang To |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach the magnitude of 1894-plague (12 million deaths) and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 million deaths) pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was heralded by the 2003 SARS epidemic which led to the discovery of human and civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related bat CoV HKU4 and HKU5, and other novel animal coronaviruses. The suspected animal-to-human jumping of 4 betacoronaviruses including the human coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), and SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant pandemic potential. The presence of a large reservoir of coronaviruses in bats and other wild mammals, culture of mixing and selling them in urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit of eating exotic mammals in highly populated areas, and the rapid and frequent air travels from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. The possibility of emergence of a hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or other novel viruses from animals or laboratories, and therefore needs for global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on the epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination, and infection control of COVID-19 as of 20 January 2021, which is 1 year after person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was announced. The difficulties of mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance of compliance to universal masking, low efficacy of antiviral treatment for severe disease, possibilities of vaccine or antiviral-resistant virus variants and SARS-CoV-2 becoming another common cold coronavirus are discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-10262cddf0b14ebe9f926b26e1ba47a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-10262cddf0b14ebe9f926b26e1ba47a72025-08-20T03:52:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512021-01-0110150753510.1080/22221751.2021.1898291Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemicKelvin Kai-Wang To0Siddharth Sridhar1Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu2Derek Ling-Lung Hung3Xin Li4Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung5Anthony Raymond Tam6Tom Wai-Hin Chung7Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan8Anna Jian-Xia Zhang9Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng10Kwok-Yung Yuen11State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of ChinaWithout modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach the magnitude of 1894-plague (12 million deaths) and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 million deaths) pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was heralded by the 2003 SARS epidemic which led to the discovery of human and civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related bat CoV HKU4 and HKU5, and other novel animal coronaviruses. The suspected animal-to-human jumping of 4 betacoronaviruses including the human coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), and SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant pandemic potential. The presence of a large reservoir of coronaviruses in bats and other wild mammals, culture of mixing and selling them in urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit of eating exotic mammals in highly populated areas, and the rapid and frequent air travels from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. The possibility of emergence of a hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or other novel viruses from animals or laboratories, and therefore needs for global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on the epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination, and infection control of COVID-19 as of 20 January 2021, which is 1 year after person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was announced. The difficulties of mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance of compliance to universal masking, low efficacy of antiviral treatment for severe disease, possibilities of vaccine or antiviral-resistant virus variants and SARS-CoV-2 becoming another common cold coronavirus are discussed.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291CoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2PandemicPathogenesisDiagnostics |
| spellingShingle | Kelvin Kai-Wang To Siddharth Sridhar Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Derek Ling-Lung Hung Xin Li Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Anthony Raymond Tam Tom Wai-Hin Chung Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Anna Jian-Xia Zhang Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng Kwok-Yung Yuen Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic Emerging Microbes and Infections Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Pathogenesis Diagnostics |
| title | Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | lessons learned 1 year after sars cov 2 emergence leading to covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Pathogenesis Diagnostics |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291 |
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