Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems

The lithium-ion battery equalization system is a critical component in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite power supply systems, ensuring the consistency of battery cells, maximizing the utilization of battery pack capacity, and enhancing battery reliability and cycle life. In DC bus satellite power sys...

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Main Authors: Lin Zhu, Zihua Liu, Yong Lin, Zhe Li, Jian Qin, Xiaoguang Jin, Shujie Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2463
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author Lin Zhu
Zihua Liu
Yong Lin
Zhe Li
Jian Qin
Xiaoguang Jin
Shujie Yan
author_facet Lin Zhu
Zihua Liu
Yong Lin
Zhe Li
Jian Qin
Xiaoguang Jin
Shujie Yan
author_sort Lin Zhu
collection DOAJ
description The lithium-ion battery equalization system is a critical component in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite power supply systems, ensuring the consistency of battery cells, maximizing the utilization of battery pack capacity, and enhancing battery reliability and cycle life. In DC bus satellite power systems, passive equalization technology is widely adopted due to its simple structure and ease of control. However, passive equalization suffers from drawbacks such as complex thermal design and limited operation primarily during battery charging. These limitations can lead to inconsistent control over the depth of discharge of individual battery cells, ultimately affecting the overall lifespan of the battery pack. In contrast, active equalization technology offers higher efficiency, faster equalization speeds, and the ability to utilize digital control methods, making it the mainstream direction for the development of lithium-ion battery equalization technology. Nevertheless, active equalization often requires a large number of switches and energy storage components, involves complex control algorithms, and faces challenges such as large size and reduced reliability. Most existing active equalization techniques are not directly applicable to DC bus satellite power systems. In this study, based on the operational characteristics of LEO satellite power storage batteries, an active–passive hybrid equalization topology utilizing a switching matrix is proposed. This topology combines the advantages of a simple structure, ease of control, and high reliability. Its feasibility has been validated through experimental results.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-1019b5e1970446c881096ebae8d5536c2025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810246310.3390/en18102463Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power SystemsLin Zhu0Zihua Liu1Yong Lin2Zhe Li3Jian Qin4Xiaoguang Jin5Shujie Yan6Marketing Department, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power, Hangzhou 310007, ChinaState Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318000, ChinaState Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318000, ChinaState Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318000, ChinaState Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318000, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, ChinaThe lithium-ion battery equalization system is a critical component in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite power supply systems, ensuring the consistency of battery cells, maximizing the utilization of battery pack capacity, and enhancing battery reliability and cycle life. In DC bus satellite power systems, passive equalization technology is widely adopted due to its simple structure and ease of control. However, passive equalization suffers from drawbacks such as complex thermal design and limited operation primarily during battery charging. These limitations can lead to inconsistent control over the depth of discharge of individual battery cells, ultimately affecting the overall lifespan of the battery pack. In contrast, active equalization technology offers higher efficiency, faster equalization speeds, and the ability to utilize digital control methods, making it the mainstream direction for the development of lithium-ion battery equalization technology. Nevertheless, active equalization often requires a large number of switches and energy storage components, involves complex control algorithms, and faces challenges such as large size and reduced reliability. Most existing active equalization techniques are not directly applicable to DC bus satellite power systems. In this study, based on the operational characteristics of LEO satellite power storage batteries, an active–passive hybrid equalization topology utilizing a switching matrix is proposed. This topology combines the advantages of a simple structure, ease of control, and high reliability. Its feasibility has been validated through experimental results.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2463low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellitepower supply systemequalizationswitch matrixbattery management system (BMS)
spellingShingle Lin Zhu
Zihua Liu
Yong Lin
Zhe Li
Jian Qin
Xiaoguang Jin
Shujie Yan
Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
Energies
low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite
power supply system
equalization
switch matrix
battery management system (BMS)
title Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
title_full Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
title_fullStr Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
title_full_unstemmed Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
title_short Li-Ion Battery Active–Passive Hybrid Equalization Topology for Low-Earth Orbit Power Systems
title_sort li ion battery active passive hybrid equalization topology for low earth orbit power systems
topic low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite
power supply system
equalization
switch matrix
battery management system (BMS)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2463
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