H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review

Diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-altered is a recently renamed high-grade glioma in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, previously being labelled diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant in the 2016 update and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma prior to...

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Main Authors: Karol Wiśniewski, Andrew Ghaly, Kate Drummond, Andreas Fahlstrӧm
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2023-08-01
Series:Indian Journal of Neurosurgery
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0043-1771192
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author Karol Wiśniewski
Andrew Ghaly
Kate Drummond
Andreas Fahlstrӧm
author_facet Karol Wiśniewski
Andrew Ghaly
Kate Drummond
Andreas Fahlstrӧm
author_sort Karol Wiśniewski
collection DOAJ
description Diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-altered is a recently renamed high-grade glioma in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, previously being labelled diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant in the 2016 update and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma prior to 2016. After identification of multiple alterations causing H3 K27 hypomethylation, the definition of this tumor subtype was changed. To further characterize this new entity in both the pediatric and adult population, we conducted a review of the current literature, investigating genetic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, treatment and prognostic characteristics, particularly highlighting the differences between adults and children. This tumor is more common in children, and has a poorer prognosis. Additionally, childhood H3 K27-altered gliomas are more common in the brainstem, but more common in the thalamus in adults. Sadly, limited treatment options exist for these tumors, with radiotherapy the only treatment shown to improve overall survival.
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spelling doaj-art-0fe3a3c6a41e460a8f395f3afa18b11b2025-08-20T03:54:29ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Neurosurgery2277-954X2277-91672023-08-01120210411510.1055/s-0043-1771192H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A ReviewKarol Wiśniewski0Andrew Ghaly1Kate Drummond2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-2120Andreas Fahlstrӧm3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-8775Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AustraliaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AustraliaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AustraliaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AustraliaDiffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-altered is a recently renamed high-grade glioma in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, previously being labelled diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant in the 2016 update and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma prior to 2016. After identification of multiple alterations causing H3 K27 hypomethylation, the definition of this tumor subtype was changed. To further characterize this new entity in both the pediatric and adult population, we conducted a review of the current literature, investigating genetic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, treatment and prognostic characteristics, particularly highlighting the differences between adults and children. This tumor is more common in children, and has a poorer prognosis. Additionally, childhood H3 K27-altered gliomas are more common in the brainstem, but more common in the thalamus in adults. Sadly, limited treatment options exist for these tumors, with radiotherapy the only treatment shown to improve overall survival.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0043-1771192diffuse midline gliomaH3.1 or H3.2 K27-mutantH3-wildtype with EZHIP overexpression EGFR-mutantH3.3 K27-mutant
spellingShingle Karol Wiśniewski
Andrew Ghaly
Kate Drummond
Andreas Fahlstrӧm
H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
Indian Journal of Neurosurgery
diffuse midline glioma
H3.1 or H3.2 K27-mutant
H3-wildtype with EZHIP overexpression
EGFR-mutant
H3.3 K27-mutant
title H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
title_full H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
title_fullStr H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
title_full_unstemmed H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
title_short H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
title_sort h3 k27m altered diffuse midline gliomas a review
topic diffuse midline glioma
H3.1 or H3.2 K27-mutant
H3-wildtype with EZHIP overexpression
EGFR-mutant
H3.3 K27-mutant
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0043-1771192
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AT andrewghaly h3k27maltereddiffusemidlinegliomasareview
AT katedrummond h3k27maltereddiffusemidlinegliomasareview
AT andreasfahlström h3k27maltereddiffusemidlinegliomasareview