Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design

Treatment of wastewater is becoming a concern of an increasing prominence. Trace amounts of toxic metalloids and heavy metals (HMs) would contaminate large volumes of water. Being present as traces, removal of these ultratrace contaminants from wastewater is challenging. Adsorption of HMs onto raw (...

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Main Authors: Marwa El-Azazy, Ahmed S. El-Shafie, Ahmed A. Issa, Maetha Al-Sulaiti, Jawaher Al-Yafie, Basem Shomar, Khalid Al-Saad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-01-01
Series:Journal of Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4926240
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author Marwa El-Azazy
Ahmed S. El-Shafie
Ahmed A. Issa
Maetha Al-Sulaiti
Jawaher Al-Yafie
Basem Shomar
Khalid Al-Saad
author_facet Marwa El-Azazy
Ahmed S. El-Shafie
Ahmed A. Issa
Maetha Al-Sulaiti
Jawaher Al-Yafie
Basem Shomar
Khalid Al-Saad
author_sort Marwa El-Azazy
collection DOAJ
description Treatment of wastewater is becoming a concern of an increasing prominence. Trace amounts of toxic metalloids and heavy metals (HMs) would contaminate large volumes of water. Being present as traces, removal of these ultratrace contaminants from wastewater is challenging. Adsorption of HMs onto raw (RPP) and burnt (BPP) potato peels (PP) is presented in the current treatise. Both adsorbents (RPP and BPP) proved to be efficient in removing Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), La(III), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. BPP was a more efficient adsorbent compared to RPP. Ecodesign of a model, green adsorbent was structured executing a multivariate approach, design of experiments (DoE). The purpose of using DoE is to maximize the efficiency of BPP (carbonaceous biomass) as a versatile adsorbent. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was used as a screening phase. Four factors were considered: pH, contact time (CT), heavy metal concentration (HMC), and the adsorbent dose (AD). The Pareto chart of standardized effects shows that the most influential factor is the HMC. These data were confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Derringer’s function was operated to find the best factorial blend that maximizes the adsorption process. The percentage (%) removal of Cd(II), for example, was maximized hitting 100%. Adsorbent surface characterization was performed using FTIR, BET, SEM, TGA/dTG, and EDX analyses. Adsorption was found to be physisorption that follows Temkin isotherm with sorption energy 66 kJ/mole. Adsorption kinetics was found to be pseudo-first-order. Adsorption capacity (qm) for BPP was 239.64 mg/g. The diffusion inside the particles was very limited, while the initial rate of the adsorption was extremely high as shown by the Elovich plot.
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spelling doaj-art-0fddbd04b5274a689a634262e33102322025-08-20T02:02:32ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712019-01-01201910.1155/2019/49262404926240Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman DesignMarwa El-Azazy0Ahmed S. El-Shafie1Ahmed A. Issa2Maetha Al-Sulaiti3Jawaher Al-Yafie4Basem Shomar5Khalid Al-Saad6Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarQatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, QatarDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box. 2713, Doha, QatarTreatment of wastewater is becoming a concern of an increasing prominence. Trace amounts of toxic metalloids and heavy metals (HMs) would contaminate large volumes of water. Being present as traces, removal of these ultratrace contaminants from wastewater is challenging. Adsorption of HMs onto raw (RPP) and burnt (BPP) potato peels (PP) is presented in the current treatise. Both adsorbents (RPP and BPP) proved to be efficient in removing Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), La(III), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. BPP was a more efficient adsorbent compared to RPP. Ecodesign of a model, green adsorbent was structured executing a multivariate approach, design of experiments (DoE). The purpose of using DoE is to maximize the efficiency of BPP (carbonaceous biomass) as a versatile adsorbent. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was used as a screening phase. Four factors were considered: pH, contact time (CT), heavy metal concentration (HMC), and the adsorbent dose (AD). The Pareto chart of standardized effects shows that the most influential factor is the HMC. These data were confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Derringer’s function was operated to find the best factorial blend that maximizes the adsorption process. The percentage (%) removal of Cd(II), for example, was maximized hitting 100%. Adsorbent surface characterization was performed using FTIR, BET, SEM, TGA/dTG, and EDX analyses. Adsorption was found to be physisorption that follows Temkin isotherm with sorption energy 66 kJ/mole. Adsorption kinetics was found to be pseudo-first-order. Adsorption capacity (qm) for BPP was 239.64 mg/g. The diffusion inside the particles was very limited, while the initial rate of the adsorption was extremely high as shown by the Elovich plot.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4926240
spellingShingle Marwa El-Azazy
Ahmed S. El-Shafie
Ahmed A. Issa
Maetha Al-Sulaiti
Jawaher Al-Yafie
Basem Shomar
Khalid Al-Saad
Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
Journal of Chemistry
title Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
title_full Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
title_fullStr Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
title_full_unstemmed Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
title_short Potato Peels as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Eco-Structuring of a Green Adsorbent Operating Plackett–Burman Design
title_sort potato peels as an adsorbent for heavy metals from aqueous solutions eco structuring of a green adsorbent operating plackett burman design
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4926240
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