Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall

In this study, we investigate the stability of soft rock slopes with weak interlayers under rainfall through indoor model tests and numerical simulations, focusing on a slope in northeast China. Weak interlayers, characterized by low thickness and mechanical strength compared to adjacent rock masses...

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Main Authors: Shuhui Zhang, Guangpei Zhu, Chong Xu, Junxue Ma, Zhiyuan Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Earth Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1564077/full
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author Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Guangpei Zhu
Chong Xu
Chong Xu
Junxue Ma
Junxue Ma
Zhiyuan Sun
author_facet Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Guangpei Zhu
Chong Xu
Chong Xu
Junxue Ma
Junxue Ma
Zhiyuan Sun
author_sort Shuhui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we investigate the stability of soft rock slopes with weak interlayers under rainfall through indoor model tests and numerical simulations, focusing on a slope in northeast China. Weak interlayers, characterized by low thickness and mechanical strength compared to adjacent rock masses, are prone to water-induced softening, threatening slope stability. Key findings reveal the following: 1) rainfall triggers sliding along weak interlayers, accumulating debris at slope toes. Prolonged infiltration reduces rock–soil friction, potentially extending failure zones through slightly weathered tuff; 2) Non-rainfall scenarios induce slope failures primarily at crests and shoulders, whereas rainfall shifts the maximum displacement to the slope feet; 3) Expanding plastic zones under intensified rainfall indicate progressive instability development toward deeper slope surfaces. The results demonstrate rainfall’s critical role in altering failure mechanisms and depth, providing insights for risk mitigation in geotechnical projects involving weak interlayers.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Earth Science
spelling doaj-art-0fd0c04e3dc74f2dbdfa8b7acbebfbb22025-08-20T01:50:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-05-011310.3389/feart.2025.15640771564077Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfallShuhui Zhang0Shuhui Zhang1Shuhui Zhang2Guangpei Zhu3Chong Xu4Chong Xu5Junxue Ma6Junxue Ma7Zhiyuan Sun8General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaNational Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaNational Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaNational Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Applied Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing, ChinaIn this study, we investigate the stability of soft rock slopes with weak interlayers under rainfall through indoor model tests and numerical simulations, focusing on a slope in northeast China. Weak interlayers, characterized by low thickness and mechanical strength compared to adjacent rock masses, are prone to water-induced softening, threatening slope stability. Key findings reveal the following: 1) rainfall triggers sliding along weak interlayers, accumulating debris at slope toes. Prolonged infiltration reduces rock–soil friction, potentially extending failure zones through slightly weathered tuff; 2) Non-rainfall scenarios induce slope failures primarily at crests and shoulders, whereas rainfall shifts the maximum displacement to the slope feet; 3) Expanding plastic zones under intensified rainfall indicate progressive instability development toward deeper slope surfaces. The results demonstrate rainfall’s critical role in altering failure mechanisms and depth, providing insights for risk mitigation in geotechnical projects involving weak interlayers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1564077/fullsoft rock stratarock slopenumerical simulationrainfall effectstability analysis
spellingShingle Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Shuhui Zhang
Guangpei Zhu
Chong Xu
Chong Xu
Junxue Ma
Junxue Ma
Zhiyuan Sun
Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
Frontiers in Earth Science
soft rock strata
rock slope
numerical simulation
rainfall effect
stability analysis
title Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
title_full Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
title_fullStr Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
title_full_unstemmed Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
title_short Stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
title_sort stability influence of weak interlayer rock slope under rainfall
topic soft rock strata
rock slope
numerical simulation
rainfall effect
stability analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1564077/full
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