Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation

The intelligent extraction of highway assets is pivotal for advancing transportation infrastructure and autonomous systems, yet traditional methods relying on manual inspection or 2D imaging struggle with sparse, occluded environments, and class imbalance. This study proposes an enhanced MinkUNet-ba...

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Main Authors: Dalong Zhou, Yuanyang Yi, Yu Wang, Zhenfeng Shao, Yanjun Hao, Yuyan Yan, Xiaojin Zhao, Junkai Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2147
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author Dalong Zhou
Yuanyang Yi
Yu Wang
Zhenfeng Shao
Yanjun Hao
Yuyan Yan
Xiaojin Zhao
Junkai Guo
author_facet Dalong Zhou
Yuanyang Yi
Yu Wang
Zhenfeng Shao
Yanjun Hao
Yuyan Yan
Xiaojin Zhao
Junkai Guo
author_sort Dalong Zhou
collection DOAJ
description The intelligent extraction of highway assets is pivotal for advancing transportation infrastructure and autonomous systems, yet traditional methods relying on manual inspection or 2D imaging struggle with sparse, occluded environments, and class imbalance. This study proposes an enhanced MinkUNet-based framework to address data scarcity, occlusion, and imbalance in highway point cloud segmentation. A large-scale dataset (PEA-PC Dataset) was constructed, covering six key asset categories, addressing the lack of specialized highway datasets. A hybrid conical masking augmentation strategy was designed to simulate natural occlusions and enhance local feature retention, while semi-supervised learning prioritized foreground differentiation. The experimental results showed that the overall mIoU reached 73.8%, with the IoU of bridge railings and emergency obstacles exceeding 95%. The IoU of columnar assets increased from 2.6% to 29.4% through occlusion perception enhancement, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in improving object recognition accuracy. The framework balances computational efficiency and robustness, offering a scalable solution for sparse highway scenes. However, challenges remain in segmenting vegetation-occluded pole-like assets due to partial data loss. This work highlights the efficacy of tailored augmentation and semi-supervised strategies in refining 3D segmentation, advancing applications in intelligent transportation and digital infrastructure.
format Article
id doaj-art-0fce671f20bd482895e2111758cfbcf0
institution Kabale University
issn 2072-4292
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-0fce671f20bd482895e2111758cfbcf02025-08-20T03:29:00ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713214710.3390/rs17132147Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud SegmentationDalong Zhou0Yuanyang Yi1Yu Wang2Zhenfeng Shao3Yanjun Hao4Yuyan Yan5Xiaojin Zhao6Junkai Guo7State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaShanxi Intelligent Transportation Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanxi Transportation Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaShanxi Intelligent Transportation Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanxi Transportation Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, ChinaShanxi Intelligent Transportation Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanxi Transportation Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, ChinaThe intelligent extraction of highway assets is pivotal for advancing transportation infrastructure and autonomous systems, yet traditional methods relying on manual inspection or 2D imaging struggle with sparse, occluded environments, and class imbalance. This study proposes an enhanced MinkUNet-based framework to address data scarcity, occlusion, and imbalance in highway point cloud segmentation. A large-scale dataset (PEA-PC Dataset) was constructed, covering six key asset categories, addressing the lack of specialized highway datasets. A hybrid conical masking augmentation strategy was designed to simulate natural occlusions and enhance local feature retention, while semi-supervised learning prioritized foreground differentiation. The experimental results showed that the overall mIoU reached 73.8%, with the IoU of bridge railings and emergency obstacles exceeding 95%. The IoU of columnar assets increased from 2.6% to 29.4% through occlusion perception enhancement, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in improving object recognition accuracy. The framework balances computational efficiency and robustness, offering a scalable solution for sparse highway scenes. However, challenges remain in segmenting vegetation-occluded pole-like assets due to partial data loss. This work highlights the efficacy of tailored augmentation and semi-supervised strategies in refining 3D segmentation, advancing applications in intelligent transportation and digital infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2147point cloud segmentationhighway asset extractiondata augmentationMinkUNetsemi-supervised learning
spellingShingle Dalong Zhou
Yuanyang Yi
Yu Wang
Zhenfeng Shao
Yanjun Hao
Yuyan Yan
Xiaojin Zhao
Junkai Guo
Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
Remote Sensing
point cloud segmentation
highway asset extraction
data augmentation
MinkUNet
semi-supervised learning
title Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
title_full Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
title_fullStr Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
title_short Enhancing Highway Scene Understanding: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach for Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation
title_sort enhancing highway scene understanding a novel data augmentation approach for vehicle mounted lidar point cloud segmentation
topic point cloud segmentation
highway asset extraction
data augmentation
MinkUNet
semi-supervised learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2147
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